Skip to main content
. 2023 Feb 15:1–27. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s40821-023-00240-9
Variables Mean SD Minimum 25th percentile Median 75th percentile Maximum
GPM 0.333 0.210 0.010 0.167 0.295 0.457 0.937
SME 0.249 0.432 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000
BG affiliation 0.732 0.443 0.000 0.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
 h slack 0.000 0.137 -0.024 -0.003 -0.001 0.001 0.021
 h slack² 0.019 8.152 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001
Age 2.823 0.847 0.000 2.303 2.996 3.434 4.111
Tangibility 0.606 0.331 0.001 0.314 0.682 0.918 1.000
Financial slack -0.012 0.166 -0.237 -0.131 -0.063 0.067 0.520
Financial slack² 0.028 0.048 0.000 0.004 0.014 0.029 0.270
Recoverable slack 0.002 0.173 -0.407 -0.075 -0.010 0.051 0.718
Recoverable slack² 0.030 0.109 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.017 0.526
Potential slack -0.008 0.142 -0.226 -0.090 -0.054 0.043 0.535
Potential slack² 0.020 0.050 0.000 0.003 0.007 0.016 0.286
Mean industry GPM 0.335 0.153 0.109 0.224 0.333 0.431 0.723
Number of competitors 6.561 1.320 2.996 5.687 6.700 7.597 8.580
Mean size of competitors 3.243 0.586 1.909 2.868 3.214 3.530 4.866
Industry competition 0.089 0.142 0.000 0.008 0.026 0.124 0.761
 N = 425,246