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. 2023 Feb 11;61(1):427–436. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2174145

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — Sanziguben polysaccharides (SZP) improved gut microbiota in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice. (A) Shannon index curve. The alpha diversity of the gut microbiome: (B) ACE index, (C) Chao index, (D) Shannon index and (E) Simpson index. (F) Unweighted UniFrac PCoA (principal coordinates analysis). (G) Relative abundance of intestinal microbiota at the phylum level, (H) Proteobacteria and (I) Verrucomicrobiota. (J)Abundance changes in representative bacteria at the genus level are shown in a heatmap. Genera that were statistically different with SZP treatment: the relative abundance of (K) Akkermansia, (L) Klebsiella, (M) Marvinbryantia, (N) Blautia, (O) Escherichia-Shigella and (P) Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group. All data were expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 6). ^#p< 0.05, ^##p< 0.01, ^###p< 0.001 vs. NC group; *p< 0.05, **p< 0.01 vs. DN group.