Table 1.

Main findings of gut microbial populations changing associated with T2DM.

Subjects’ Characteristics	Implicated microbiota	References
Female participants with T2DM (Denmark)	phylum Firmicutes ↓/class Clostridia ↓/class Betaproteobacteria ↑/genus Roseburia ↓	[4]
Male participants with T2DM (European)	Clostridium clostridioforme ↑/Clostridium hathewayi ↑/Bacteroides intestinalis ↓	[41]
Participants with T2DM (Chinese)	Bacteroides caccae ↑/Clostridium hathewayi ↑/Clostridium ramosum ↑/Clostridium symbiosum ↑/Eggerthella lenta ↑/Escherichia coli ↑/Clostridiales sp. SS3/4 ↓/Eubacterium rectale ↓/Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ↓/Roseburia intestinalis ↓/Roseburia inulinivorans ↓	[30]
Male db/db mice (8-week-old)	family Bacteroidaceae ↓/family Prevotellaceae ↓/genus Clostridium ↓/phylum Verrucomicrobia ↑/species Lactobacillus reuteri ↑	[42]
Tsumura Suzuki obese diabetes mice (12-week-old)	Clostridium ruminantiun ↑/Clostridium celatum ↑/Ruminococcus callidus ↑/Clostridium colinum ↓	[43]
Participants with pre-DM/T2DM (Chinese)	Akkermansia muciniphila ATCCBAA-835 ↓/Faecalibacterium prausnitzii L2-6 ↓/Verrucomicrobiae ↓	[44]
Participants with T2DM (Poland)	genus Roseburia ↓/family Clostridiaceae ↓/genus Ruminococcus ↑/family Enterobacteriaceae ↑	[45]