Fig 3. Effects of ZnO NPs and MWCNTs, alone or in combination, on MDA and H₂O₂ content of Arabidopsis seedlings at 10 DAG.

(a) Relative MDA content in shoots. (b) Relative MDA content in roots. (c) Relative H₂O₂ content in shoots. (d) Relative H₂O₂ content in roots. ½ MS medium without NPs was used as control. Data are the means ± standard errors of three replicates. Different letters indicate a significant difference between treatments (P < 0.05, Duncan test).