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. 2023 Feb 15;9(7):eade8939. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8939

Fig. 1. 3D culture of endothelial cells expressing constitutively active PIK3CA isoforms recapitulates irregular and enlarged vessel phenotypes associated with VMs.

Fig. 1.

(A) Control cells and endothelial cells expressing PIK3CA-activating mutations cultured in 3D fibrin matrices and imaged at 0 and 168 hours after seeding. Scale bars, 1000 μm. (B and C) Representative confocal images of control and PIK3CAE542K vascular networks. Vascular networks were labeled with fibrin (magenta), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (white), actin (green), and endothelial cell–specific CD31 staining (cyan). Vascular networks were fixed 3 days after seeding. Scale bars, 100 μm. (D) Quantification of images in (A). (n = 3 to 5 independent experiments; mean ± SD; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post test, *P ≤ 0.05; ***P ≤ 0.001; ****P ≤ 0.0001). ns, not significant.