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. 2023 Feb 16;248:109264. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109264

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Fig. 1 — Repetitive immunization with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein does not induce autoimmunity in mice.

(A) Overview of the experimental setting. 8-week-old C57Bl/6 mice (n = 5/group) received every 5 days 1 μg spike protein or vehicle (PBS) intraperitoneally at a total of 16 injections. At the end of the immunization protocol, the mice were euthanized and the serum was collected. 34-week-old C57Bl/6.lpr (B6.lpr) mice were used as a positive control.

(B) ELISA results for anti-spike IgG at the end of the immunization phase. The results are expressed in relative optic density (O·D).

(C) ELISA results for anti-dsDNA IgG at the end of the immunization protocol. Serum from lupus-prone mice was used as a reference and the results are expressed as units per ml.

(D) Urine-strip results for proteinuria at the end of the immunization protocol.

Each point represents the results from an individual mouse, bars indicate mean ± s.e.m. **, p < 0.01; ****, p < 0.0001 using One-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak's correction.