Extended Data Fig. 1. Imaging mass cytometry segmentation pipeline and antibody panel.

a, Flowchart for inclusion and exclusion criteria of 576 lung adenocarcinoma cores. b, Schematic of IMC segmentation pipeline representing antibody conjugation of metal isotopes, labeling, laser ablation, CyTOF acquisition, image tiling, structure tensor response, scale selection and final output. c, Schematic depiction of the workflow and specific markers used for lineage assignment. Panels a–c were created with BioRender. d, Average expression of non-lineage markers across cell types in lung adenocarcinoma tissue stained with the panel of isotope-conjugated antibodies; CD163⁻Mac, CD163⁻ macrophage; CD163⁺ Mac, CD163⁺ macrophage; T_c, CD8⁺ T cell; T_reg, regulatory T cell, T_H, CD4⁺ T cell; Cl Mo, classical monocyte; Int Mo, intermediate monocyte; Non-Cl Mo, non-classical monocyte; NK Cell, natural killer cell.