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. 2023 Feb 2;14:1087254. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1087254

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Hallmarks of SSPCs aging. Nine hallmarks of aging have been identified: genomic instability, deregulated nutrient-sensing, telomere attrition, loss of proteostasis, epigenetic alteration, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion and chronic inflammation. Only three of them, namely cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and chronic inflammation, have been studied in aging SSPCs. (Created with BioRender.com ).