Table 2.
Comparison of patient- and hospital-related data between the entire collective, the epi-VAC, and the control groups
| Variable | Total (n = 218) | Epi-VAC (n = 48) | Control group (n = 170) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (years) | 65.1 ± 15.3 | 68.2 ± 13.3 | 64.3 ± 15.8 | 0.08 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.2 ± 6.32 | 29.4 ± 6.7 | 27.9 ± 6.2 | 0.16 |
| Male (%) | 65.6 | 54.2 | 68.8 | 0.08 |
| ASA score | 2.66 | 2.73 | 2.64 | 0.42 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 32.6 | 43.8 | 29.4 | 0.08 |
| Insulin-dependent (%) | 13.8 | 20.8 | 11.8 | 0.15 |
| Oral antidiabetics (%) | 11.9 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 0.8 |
| Pressure ulcer (%) | 8.7 | 14.6 | 7.1 | 0.14 |
| Nicotine abuse (%) | 22 | 22.9 | 21.8 | 0.85 |
| Systemic cortisone therapy (%) | 9.6 | 10.4 | 9.4 | 0.79 |
| Peripheral arterial disease (PAVD) (%) | 4.6 | 2.1 | 5.3 | 0.7 |
| Coronary artery disease (CAD) (%) | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 0.8 |
| Arterial hypertension (%) | 71.1 | 81.3 | 68.2 | 0.1 |
| Active cancer (%) | 28.9 | 25 | 30 | 0.59 |
| Osteoporosis (%) | 19.7 | 18.2 | 25 | 0.31 |
| Renal insufficiency ≥ 3 (%) | 21.6 | 27.1 | 20 | 0.32 |
| Anticoagulation (%) | 30.7 | 41.7 | 27.6 | 0.08 |
| Albumin (g/l) | 34.35 ± 7.37 | 31.99 ± 8.69 | 35.09 ± 6.77 | 0.08 |
| Hemoglobin (mmol/l) | 6.23 ± 1.22 | 5.87 ± 1.07 | 6.34 ± 1.25 | 0.03 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 92.41 ± 99.97 | 110.6 ± 98.74 | 87.27 ± 100 | 0.15 |
| Leukocytes (× 109/l) | 10.03 ± 5.09 | 10.48 ± 6.28 | 9.9 ± 4.72 | 0.59 |
| Wound revision (%) | 22.9 | 25 | 22.4 | 0.7 |
| Number of addressed vertebral bodies (n) | 5.43 ± 2.53 | 5.6 ± 2.65 | 5.38 ± 2.5 | 0.6 |
| Duration of initial surgery (min) | 176.3 ± 79.95 | 179 ± 101.45 | 175.5 ± 72.8 | 0.83 |
| Duration of revision surgery (min) | 70 ± 32.4 | 71.7 ± 28.03 | 69.5 ± 33.59 | 0.65 |
| Time between first and second WR (days) | 13.6 ± 10.87 | 12.3 ± 7.88 | 14 ± 11.76 | 0.56 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 31.7 ± 21.02 | 39.6 ± 28.52 | 29.5 ± 17.84 | 0.02 |
| ICU admission (%) | 39.4 | 52.1 | 35.9 | 0.04 |
| Local antibiotic therapy (%) | 83.5 | 97.9 | 79.4 | 0.01 |
| Germ (%) | 61.5 | 75 | 57.6 | 0.03 |
| S. epidermidis (%) | 28 | 39.6 | 24.7 | 0.05 |
| S. aureus (%) | 21.1 | 27.1 | 19.4 | 0.32 |
| Propionibacterium acnes (%) | 6.9 | 8.3 | 6.5 | 0.75 |
| E. faecalis (%) | 6 | 5.3 | 8.3 | 0.49 |
| E. coli (%) | 2.8 | 8.3 | 1.2 | 0.02 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (%) | 2.3 | 6.3 | 1.2 | 0.07 |
| Another germ (%) | 12.8 | 12.5 | 12.9 | 1 |
| Mixed infections (%) | 16.5 | 27.1 | 13.5 | 0.04 |
| Mortality (%) | 13.3 | 22.9 | 10.6 | 0.05 |
Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation or proportion in %. Significance level P < 0.05. Significant P value printed in bold
WR wound revision