Table 3.
Clinical trials using NK cell therapies for adult brain tumors.
| NCTID | Trial | Phase | Number enrolled | Inclusion criteria | Outcome | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | Autologous Natural Killer Cell Therapy for Human Recurrent Malignant Glioma | – | 9 | Patients with recurrent malignant gliomas | Intravenous injection of autologous NK cells and low-dose interferon beta was performed. 3/9 patients had partial response and 2/9 had mild response to treatment. Severe neurological toxicity was not observed in any of the patients. | 112 |
| KCT0003815 | Autologous adoptive immune-cell therapy elicited a durable response with enhanced immune reaction signatures in patients with recurrent glioblastoma | I/IIa | 14 | Patients with recurrent glioblastoma | No severe adverse events were observed. Median overall survival was 22.5 months, and the median progression-free survival was 10 months. Five patients were alive for over 2 years and showed durable response with enhanced immune reaction transcriptomic signatures without clinical decline. | 113 |
| – | Audencel Immunotherapy Based on Dendritic Cells Has No Effect on Overall and Progression-Free Survival in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma | II | 76 | Patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma | Administering autologous dendritic cells that have been charged with the tumor lysate for an average of seven months did not show toxicity attributable to vaccination. Progression-free survival at 12 months did not differ significantly between the control and vaccine groups (28.4% versus 24.5%). Median overall survival was similar with 18.3 months for both groups. | 118 |
| NCT01588769 | Tolerability and Efficacy of ALECSAT Administered to Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients | I | 25 | Patients with recurrent glioblastoma | Cytotoxic lymphocytes, including NK cells, generated ex vivo by exposure to antigens induced by DNA demethylation homed to the tumor, with tumor regression ongoing in three patients for 14, 22, and 27 months, respectively. No treatment-related adverse effects were observed. | 120 |
| NCT03383978 | Intracranial Injection of NK-92/5.28.z Cells in Patients With Recurrent HER2-positive Glioblastoma | I | 30 | Patients with recurrent HER2+ glioblastoma | No outcomes yet. | – |
| NCT02839954 | CAR-pNK Cell Immunotherapy in MUC1 Positive Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumor | I/II | 10 | Patients with recurrent glioma | No outcomes yet. | – |