Table 1.

Clinical trials for the supply of raw materials for the GSH system.

Agent	Object	Dosage and duration	Treatment effect	Ref
NAC	Patients with AMI	15 g, IV over 24 h	Lowering plasma MDA concentration and GSSG/ GSH ratio, preserving better LV function.	[102]
	Patients with STEMI undergoing PCI	29 g, IV with 2 days	Reducing infarct size.	[103]
GlyNAC	Older adults	Gly 1.33 mmol/kg/day and NAC 0.81 mmol/kg/day, P.O for 24 weeks	Correcting GSH shortage of RBC, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in RBCs, as well as ameliorating inflammation, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction.	[110]
Glutamine	Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with extracorporeal CPB	0.5 g/kg/day, P.O for 3 days	Increasing plasma Gln concentrations and maintaining plasma GSH levels.	[113]

NAC N-acetylcysteine, Gln glutamine, GSH reduced glutathione, GSSG oxidized glutathione, AMI acute myocardial infarction, MDA malondialdehyde, LV left ventricle, STEMI ST elevation myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, RBC erythrocyte, CPB circulation cardiopulmonary bypass, IV intravenous injection, P.O oral.