Table 2.
Clinical trials for natural medicine monomers.
| Agent | Object | Dosage and duration | Treatment effect | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quercetin | Post-myocardial infarction patients | 500 mg/day, P.O for 8 weeks | Improving serum TAC and reducing the insecurity scores. | [126] |
| Patients with coronary heart disease | 120 mg/day, P.O for 2 mouths | Improving cardiac function (both systolic and diastolic functions) and reducing the total duration and number of ST-segment depressions. | [127] | |
| Genistein | Postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome | 54 mg/day, P.O for one year | Improving both cardiac functions and left atrial remodeling. | [138] |
| Soybean isoflavones(Genistein) | Patients with myocardial ischemia | 80 mg/day, P.O for 24 weeks | Increasing the protein and mRNA levels of Nrf2 and the concentrations of SOD, and diminished serum levels of MAD, inflammatory factors. | [139] |
| β‐carotene | Patients with MI | – | Diminishing plasma lipid peroxide levels. | [146] |
| Lycopene | Patients with type 2 diabetes | 10 mg/day, P.O for 2 months | Raising the ratio of serum TAC to MDA. | [149] |
| STS | Patients with non-STEMI receiving PCI | 80 mg/day, IV for 2 days before and 3 days after PCI | Alleviating myocardial injury and the occurrence of short-term cardiovascular events. | [156] |
| Chlorogenic acid-enriched coffee | People with hypercholesterolaemia | – | Improving plasma antioxidant capacity and decreasing plasma lipid and protein oxidation as well as donating to enhancing cardiovascular health. | [169] |
| Ellagic acid | Patients with type 2 diabetic | 180 mg/day, P.O for 8 weeks | Fortifying the mean of TAC as well as the activity of GPX enzymes and reducing MDA contents in the serum. | [172] |
| CoQ10 | Patients with coronary artery diseases | 300 mg/day, P.O for 12 weeks | Enhancing plasma GPX activity. | [178] |
| Healthy adults | 300 mg/day, P.O for 30 days | Increasing the GSH/GSSG ratio and reducing MDA concentration in the red blood cells. | [179] | |
| Nigella sativa seed oil (Thy) | Hypertensive patients | – | Upregulating serum GR levels and diminishing serum MAD content, beneficial to glycemic and blood pressure control and lipid metabolism. | [181] |
| Curcumin | CHD patients |
500 mg/day, P.O for 8 weeks 1000 mg/day, P.O for 12 weeks |
Upregulating PPAR expression in red blood cells, boosting serum GSH and GPX levels and decreasing serum MAD contents. | [189, 190] |
| RSV | CHD patients with type 2 diabetes | 500 mg/day, P.O for 4 weeks | Raising erythrocyte PPAR-γ and Sirt1 expression and serum TAC and attenuating the total/HDL cholesterol ratio. | [198] |
| Patients with CHD | 100 mg/day, P.O for 2 months | Improving LVEF and LV diastolic function in patients with CHD compared with standard treatment alone. | [199] |
P.O oral, TAC total antioxidant capacity, Nrf2 erythrocyte nuclear factor 2, SOD superoxide dismutase, MDA malondialdehyde, IV intravenous injection, PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, GR glutathione reductase, STS sodium Tan IIA sulfonate injection, CoQ10 coenzyme Q10, Thy thymoquinone, CHD coronary heart disease, RSV resveratrol, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, STEMI ST elevation myocardial infarction.