Table 1.
Prevalence studies of Francisella and tularemia infections based on clinical human specimens
| Authors, publication year | Performed year | Region (province) | Human specimens | Sample size No |
Category of the population (No) | Positive sample No (%) |
Gender No (%) |
Age group | Detection method | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | ||||||||||
| S. Esmaeili 2014 |
2011-2012 | Kurdistan | Blood & serum | 250 | Hunters (50) Butchers & Slaughterhouse (50) Health care workers (50) (100) |
36 (14.4%) | 205 (82%) | 45 (18%) | >18 | ELISA (anti-tularemia IgG) | 11 |
| S. Esmaeili 2014 |
2011 | Sistan and Baluchistan | Blood & serum | 184 | Butchers & Slaughterhouse (184) | 12 (6.5%) | 184 (100%) | — | 25-45, 3-15 |
ELISA (Anti-tularemia IgG) | 12 |
| A. Khoshdel 2014 |
2011 | Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari | Blood & serum | 183 | Assessment among Children (11) | 11 (6%) | 89 (48.7%) | 94 (51.3%) | 2-18 | ELISA-based quantitative assay | 13 |
| M. Rohani 2018 |
2017 | Kurdistan | Blood & serum | 1 | A 6-year-old girl from a village Near Marivan City. | 1 (100%) | _ | 1 (100%) | 6 | Serology and molecular detection (ELISA, & the ISFtu2 real-time PCR) | 14 |
| S. Esmaeili 2019 |
2015 | Ilam | Blood & serum | 367 | Ranchers (112), Farmers (79), Butchers & slaughterhouse workers (61), Nature Conservation Officers (34), Referrals to Medical Diagnostic laboratories (74) |
10 (2.78%) | 275 (76.29%) | 85 (23.71%) | >18, 18-78 |
ELISA | 15 |
| S. Esmaeili 2019 |
2017 | Lorestan | Blood & serum | 289 | Butcher & Slaughterhouse workers (144), people from the general population (145) | 11 (3.8%) | 289 (100%) | _ | >18 | ELISA | 16 |
| H. Ahangari Cohan 2021 |
2018 | Kurdistan | Blood & serum | 51 | Ranchers (51) | 2 (3.92) | 44 (86.27%) | 7 (13.73%) | 11-84 | ELISA | 17 |
| S. Esmaeili 2021 |
2016-2018 | East Azerbaijan | Blood & serum | 11 | patients (11) positive case for IgM/10 positive for IgG (11) positive case for tube agglutination (10) |
11 (100%) | Not define | Not define | 4-77 | ELISA quantitative kits & Standard tube agglutination |
18 |