Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of all variables for all census tracts.
| Description | Type | N | Mean | Std. Dev | Min | Max | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable | |||||||
| Year 2020 (January–May) | |||||||
| Distance (km) | The average distance that people travel to public parks in 2020. | Weekly | 1,108,086 | 19.78 | 31.48 | 0.12 | 427 |
| Size (km2) | The average area of public parks that people travel to in 2020. | Weekly | 1,108,086 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.001 | 1.15 |
| Visiting public parks | The proportion of a neighborhood that people visit public parks in 2020. | Weekly | 1,108,086 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0 | 1 |
| Year 2019 (January–May) | |||||||
| Distance (km) | The average distance that people travel to the public parks in 2019. | Weekly | 1,108,086 | 23.50 | 32.11 | 0.12 | 538 |
| Size (km2) | The average area of public parks that people travel to in 2019. | Weekly | 1,108,086 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.001 | 1.15 |
| Visiting Public parks | The proportion of a neighborhood that people visit public parks in 2019. | Weekly | 1,108,086 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0 | 1 |
| Independent variables | |||||||
| Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Elderly | The proportion of people who are older than 60 years old | Cross-sectional | 69,867 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0 | 1 |
| No college degree | The proportion of non-college-educated people | Cross-sectional | 69,867 | 0.79 | 0.14 | 0 | 1 |
| Poverty | The proportion of people in poverty status | Cross-sectional | 69,867 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0 | 1 |
| Black | The proportion of Black people in the neighborhood. | Cross-sectional | 69,867 | 0.13 | 0.23 | 0 | 1 |
| Unemployment | The proportion of unemployed people | Cross-sectional | 69,867 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Urban-rural variables | |||||||
| Large central metro | Neighborhoods in metropolitan statistical area (MSA) of 1 million population with three conditionsa. | Cross-sectional | 21,920 | ||||
| Large fringe metro | Neighborhoods in MSAs of 1 million or more population that do not qualify as the large central metro. | Cross-sectional | 15,445 | ||||
| Medium metro | Neighborhoods in MSA of 250,000–999,999 population | Cross-sectional | 14,289 | ||||
| Small metro | Neighborhoods in MSAs of < 250,000 population | Cross-sectional | 6,307 | ||||
| Micropolitan | Neighborhoods in micropolitan statistical areas | Cross-sectional | 6,349 | ||||
| Noncore area | Neighborhoods not in a micropolitan statistical area | Cross-sectional | 5,113 | ||||
| Mobility variables | |||||||
| No vehicle available | The proportion of household that has no vehicle | Cross-sectional | 69,867 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0 | 1 |
| One vehicle available | The proportion of household that has one vehicle | Cross-sectional | 69,867 | 0.33 | 0.12 | 0 | 1 |
| Two vehicles available | The proportion of household that has two vehicles | Cross-sectional | 69,867 | 0.37 | 0.11 | 0 | 1 |
| Three vehicles available | The proportion of household that has three vehicles | Cross-sectional | 69,867 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0 | 1 |
| Four or more vehicles available | The proportion of household that has four or more vehicles | Cross-sectional | 69,867 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0 | 1 |
| Density Of Transit Stops | Number of transit stops per square mile | Cross-sectional | 69,867 | 11.26 | 24.06 | 0 | 484.38 |
| Stay-at-home order | |||||||
| Under order | The census tract is under the stay-at-home order | Weekly | 490,353 | ||||
| Not under order | The census tract is not under the stay-at-home order | Weekly | 618,633 | ||||
a(1) Contain the entire population of the largest principal city of the MSA, or (2) are completely contained in the largest principal city of the MSA, or (3) contain at least 250,000 residents of any principal city of the MSA. A metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is a geographical region with a relatively high population density at its core and close economic ties throughout the area.