Table 2.

Monitoring variables, target intervals, and treatments in aSAH – international guidelines (AHA, NCC), local practices (Uppsala), and comparison with TBI (BTF).

Variable	Target interval	Treatment
ICP	AHA: CSF drainage with an EVD or a lumbar drainage in case of acute hydrocephalus3 NCC: None4 Uppsala: ICP ≤20 mm Hg5 BTF: ICP ≤22 mm Hg11	Head elevation Hematoma evacuation Hyperventilation CSF drainage Sedation Barbiturates Decompressive craniectomy
ABP/CPP i) before aneurysm occlusion ii) after aneurysm occlusion	AHA: i) avoiding systolic bood pressure (sBP) above 160 mmHg. ii) euvolemia, no strict ABP-/CPP-target3 NCC: i) avoding MAP above 110 mmHg. ii) euvolemia, no strict ABP-/CPP-target4 Uppsala: i) sBP 120–160 mmHg and CPP ≥60 mmHg. ii) CPP ≥60 mmHg5 BTF: i) and ii) not applicable. ii) CPP between 60 and 70 mm Hg11	ICP control (above) Intravenous fluids Vasopressors Antihypertensives
CBF pressure autoregulation	AHA: No target3 NCC: No target4 Uppsala: No target5 BTF: No target11	CPP optimum
CBF	AHA: No target3 NCC: No target4 Uppsala: No target20 BTF: No target11	CPP-, pCO2-, and autoregulation management
Arterial oxygenation	AHA: RBCT may be beneficial for aSAH patients at risk of cerebral ischemia. No specific HgB or pO2 target3 NCC: HgB above 8–10 g/dL. No specific pO2 target4 Uppsala: Hgb >10 g/dL and pO2 ≥ 12 kPa5 BTF: No target11	Respiratory optimization Minimize blood loss Red blood cell traunsfusion
Arterial glucose	AHA: No specific target, but avoid hypoglycemia3 NCC: 4.4–11.1 mM4 Uppsala: 5–10 mM5 BTF: No target11 Tight glycemic control: 4.4–6.1 mM81	Intravenous glucose Insulin injection/infusion
Cerebral oxygenation	AHA: No target3 NCC: No target4 Uppsala: No target5 BTF: No target11	CBF and arterial oxygenation management
Cerebral glucose	AHA: No target3 NCC: No target4 Uppsala: No target, but clinical evaluation if cerebral glucose <0.5 mM (MD)153 BTF: No target11 MD consensus meeting 2014: Cerebral glucose >0.2–0.8 mM92	CBF and arterial glucose management
Cerebral energy metabolism	AHA: No target3 NCC: No target4 Uppsala: No target, but clinical evaluation if cerebral LPR >40 (MD)153 BTF: No target11 MD consensus meeting 2014: Cerebral LPR <25–4092	Optimize the variables above.

BTF = Brain Trauma Foundation, CBF = Cerebral blood flow, CPP = Cerebral perfusion pressure, CPPopt = Optimal CPP, CSF = Cerebrospinal fluid, ICP = Intracranial pressure, LPR = Lactate-/pyruvate ratio, MD = Microdialysis.