Table 6.
A summary of the most recent studies on the association of human papillomavirus infection and oral lichen planus
| Group | First author, year | Country | Specimen | Type of HPVa | Method | Number of case/control | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relatively high detection rate (DR) in OLP or significant difference between OLP and control | Vijayan et al. (2022) | India | Biopsy | HPV‐DNA; HPV 16/18 | PCRb | 20/0 | DRc: 40%; HPV18 was the predominant subtype; the erosive subtype had the greatest DR |
| Kaewmaneenuan et al. (2021) | Thailand | Biopsy | 16/18 | PCR | 59/0 | DR: 18.6%; HPV18 was the predominant subtype; only detected in atrophic/ulcerative subtype | |
| Della Vella et al. (2021) | Italy | Biopsy; cytobrush | HPV‐DNA; 6, 11, 16, 53 | PCR | 52/0 | DR: 17%; DR in biopsy: 15%; DR in cytobrush: 6%; HPV6 and 11 was the predominant subtype; HPV 16 detected in only one sample | |
| Farhadi et al. (2020) | Iran | Biopsy | 16/18/33 | PCR | 32/20 | DR: 25% in OLPd and 0% in control; significant association between HPV infection and OLP; detected only in erosive form; HPV‐33 was the predominant subtype (7 out of 8) | |
| Liu et al. (2018) | China | Biopsy | 16/18 | IHCe | 40/24 | Significant increase in HPV16/18(E6) protein expression in OLP compared to normal mucosa | |
| Poulopoulos et al. (2017) | Greece | Cytobrush | HPV‐DNA | PCR | 70/48 | DR: 12.85% for samples preserved in lysis buffer; DR: 34.28% for samples preserved in DNA•SAL rinse solution; DR: 38.57% in case of dry storage; In OLP lesions, HPV detected significantly more frequently than in control | |
| Sameera et al. (2019) | India | Biopsy | HPV‐DNA, HPV18 | PCR | 15/15 | DR: 86.6% in OLP and 0% in controls; only HPV 18 detected; no significant association with the type of OLP. | |
| Relatively low detection rate (DR) in OLP or nonsignificant difference between OLP and control | Zare et al. (2022) | Iran | Biopsy | HPV‐DNA | PCR | 40/0 | DR: 0% |
| Bar et al. (2021) | Poland | Biopsy | 16/18 | IHC | 56/0 | DR:7.1%; no significant association with the type of OLP | |
| Illeperuma et al. (2021) | Sri Lanka | Biopsy | HPV‐DNA | PCR | 26/30 | DR: 0% in OLP and control | |
| Gomez‐Armayones et al. (2019) | Spain | Biopsy | HPV‐DNA | PCR | 41/0 | DR: 2.4% (HPV‐DNA was detected only in one OLP sample) | |
| Nafarzadeh et al. (2017) | Iran | Biopsy | HPV‐DNA | PCR | 50/30 | DR: 14% in OLP and 3.3% in controls. No significant association between HPV infection and OLP | |
| Panzarella et al. (2017) | Italy | Cytobrush | HPV‐DNA | PCR and Innogenetics | 45/0 | DR: 0% in keratotic variants of OLP | |
| Jabar et al. (2017) | IRAQ | Biopsy | HPV‐DNA | In situ hybridization | 30/30 | DR: 13.3% in OLP and 10% in controls; No significant association between HPV infection and OLP |
a
HPV: human papilloma virus.
b
PCR: polymerase chain reaction.
c
DR: detection rate.
d
OLP: oral lichen planus.
e
IHC: immunohistochemistry.