Table 2.

Synthetic biology applications of DNA storage that are inspired by nature.

Lessons from biology	Optimized storage and processing applications in synthetic biology	Reference
Simple polymerase	→ NGS sequencing	Jürges et al.,[38], [5], [41]
Simple biological pore	→ Nanopore sequencing, Pacific biosciences	Zhang et al.,[73]
Rolling circle replication from viruses	→ Ultra-long ssDNA chains for gene therapy	(Li et al., 2022)
Chromosomal high-density storage	→ Ultrafast sequencing cover slide as standard storage in human genetics	Rehder et al.,[52]
Random access via chromosomal territories	→ digital PCR; microtiter plates	Wöhrle et al.,[67]
Resistance factors, plasmids	→ cloning strategies	Cohen et al.,[18]
Crispr-CAS9 system	→ modern DNA editing for breeding	Gupta et al.,[30]
DNA storage in cells	→ latest DNA storage demonstrators (DNA fountains)	Erlich, Zielinski[24]
Natural computing and calculations:
Normal brain, 1 billion neurons in parallel	→ inbuild parallelism, multi-CPU parallel processor	Du et al.,[22]