Table 2.
Title, study design, population, intervention characteristics, and database(s) of which it was found of ongoing studies. For the participants, the listed items are in the following order: condition, age target, and expected enrollment (N). The − represents the ongoing studies that do not have a year of expected completion listed. For the meditation techniques specified, the following acronyms are used: MM = mindfulness meditation, MBCT = mindfulness based cognitive training, MBSR = mindfulness based stress reduction, BAT = Breathing and Attention Training. In addition, tDCS = transcranial direct current stimulation, DLPFC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, rTMS = repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
| Registration Identifier | Title | Study Design | Participants | Intervention | Primary Outcomes | Expected Year of Completion | Database (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRCT20191214045723N1 | The effect and comparison of education on mindfulness-based stress reduction and combination method mindfulness-based stress reduction/MBSR and transcranial direct current stimulation/tDCS in the severity of stress, quality of life and cognitive functions of migraine sufferers | Randomized, controlled, double blind, parallel, Clinical |
Young adults and adults (18–60 yrs) with migraines, N = 45 | MBSR with active tDCS, MBSR alone, or neither; | Changes in severity of stress, quality of life and cognitive functions | 2019 | Cochrane |
| NCT03897699 | Mindful breathing and neuromodulation for depression in young people | Randomized, controlled, quadruple blind, parallel, Clinical |
Adolescents and young adults (16–24 yrs) with depression, N = 68 | Mindful Breathing Training (MBT) with active or sham tDCS; | Change in DLPFC Connectivity | 2021 | Cochrane ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT04652869 | Mindfulness + tDCS to reduce urgency incontinence in women | Randomized, controlled, open label, parallel, clinical |
Adult (40+ yrs) women with urge urinary incontinence, N = 60 | MM with active tDCS, MM only, or active tDCS only; | Feasibility (percent enrolled completed) Post-study survey (acceptability and compliance of study) Cue reactivity questionnaire Reaction time to Urinary Stroop Task Questionnaire for evaluating female lower urinary tract symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS) Urge Urinary Incontinence (UUI) Incidence |
2022 | Cochrane ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT04012853 | Remotely supervised tDCS for persistent post-traumatic headache: A pilot study | Randomized, sham-controlled, quadruple blind, parallel, clinical, pilot | Adults (20–60 yrs) with persistent post traumatic headache associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), N = 24 | MM with active or sham tDCS; |
Number of moderate to severe headache days per month | 2022 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT05005013 | A teleheath tDCS approach to decrease cannabis use: Towards reducing multiple sclerosis disability | Randomized, controlled, double blind, parallel, clinical |
Adults (21–65 yrs) with cannabis use disorder, N = 46 | MM with active or sham tDCS; |
Changes in Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-SF) Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ-17) Cannabis Withdrawal Scale (CWS) scores Number of Daily Sessions and Frequency of Cannabis Use |
2024 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT03708159 | Maintenance of response after rTMS for depression using tDCS (START) | Randomized, controlled, triple blind, multi-site, parallel, clinical | Young adults and adults (18–85 yrs) with major depressive disorder with recent acute rTMS treatments, N = 200 | MM with active or sham tDCS; |
Depressive symptoms or response to rTMS treatments as measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression | 2024 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT05460676 | Reducing tobacco smoking: a transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) telehealth study | Randomized, sham-controlled, double blind, parallel, clinical | Adults (21–75 yrs) who smoke cigarettes and are distressed, N = 46 | MM with active or sham tDCS; |
Global measure of distress from the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and weekly cigarette use | 2024 | ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT04375072 | Combination therapy of home-based transcranial direct current stimulation and mindfulness-based meditation for self-management of clinical pain and symptoms in older adults with knee osteoarthritis | Randomized, controlled, triple blind, parallel, clinical | Knee osteoarthritis in older adults (50–85 yrs), N = 200 | MM with active or sham tDCS; |
Change in clinical pain as assessed by the numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain | 2025 | Cochrane ClinicalTrials.gov |
| NCT03884374 | Pain relief for osteoarthritis through combined treatment (PROACT) | Randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, cross over, clinical | Knee osteoarthritis in non-Hispanic black and white adults (45–85 yrs), N = 240 | BAT mindfulness technique (MM) with active or sham tDCS and sham BAT with active or sham tDCS; | Change in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) | 2027 | PubMed Cochrane ClinicalTrials.gov |
| DRKS00029024 | Delving in the behavioral and neural correlates of pain perception using a therapy combining mindfulness meditation and transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome | Randomized, sham-controlled, double blind, clinical | Fibromyalgia syndrome in adults (30–70 yrs), N = 80 | MM with active or sham tDCS; |
Change in clinical pain as assessed by the numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain and quality of life with the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire | − | Cochrane DRKS.de |
| ChiCTR1800015629 | Clinical research on influence of taijiquan exercise and transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive function of patients with mild cognitive impairment | Randomized, sham controlled, no blinding specified, parallel, clinical | Mild cognitive impairment in older adults (50–75 yrs), N = 156 | Tai Chi with active or sham tDCS, or walking with active or sham tDCS; |
Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) | − | Cochrane |
| IRCT20090716002195N3 | Efficacy of mindfulness-based intervention and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive disorders, and emotional problems in patients with stroke: A randomized clinical trial | Randomized, Controlled, double blind, parallel, clinical |
Adults (30–70 yrs) with stroke, N = 72 | MBSR with active tDCS, MBSR only, active tDCS only, or neither; | Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examinations and Beck's depression and anxiety inventories | − | Cochrane |
| IRCT20201004048920N1 | Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy separately and combined with tDCS on worry, emotion regulation, pain severity and quality of life in fibromyalgia patients | Randomized, controlled, no blinding, parallel, clinical | Adults (30–50 yrs) with Fibromyalgia, N = 48 | Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) with active tDCS, MBCT only, active tDCS only, or neither; | Cognitive emotion regulation, Short-form McGill Pain, Short-Form 36 (SF-36, quality of life), and Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaires | − | Cochrane |