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. 2023 Feb 3;23(3):100370. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100370

Fig. 1.

Fig 1

Theoretical models of consciousness. a Physiological (in blue) and pathological (in red) states of consciousness represented across the two-component scale using arousal and awareness, as presented in the initial model. Adapted from Laureys (2005), with permission. b Pathological DoC and their stages of recovery represented in a three-dimensional model including neuroimaging measures, where motor function, overt cognition and covert cognition are drawn along the axes. Reproduced from Edlow et al. (2020) with permission. REM: Rapid Eye Movement; VS/UWS: Vegetative State / Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome; MCS: Minimally Conscious State; (C)LIS: (Complete) Locked-In Syndrome; CRS-R: Coma Recovery Scale – Revised; CAP: Confusion Assessment Protocol; fMRI: functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; EEG: Electroencephalography.