Fig. 3. (a) A series of N/P-doped, and N, P co-doped carbon configurations. (b) Gibbs free-energy (ΔG) diagrams for eCO₂RR to CO. (c) ΔG for HER. (d) ΔG for eCO₂RR to CO based on N, P-co-doped carbon. (e) ΔG for HER based N, P co-doped carbon (reproduced from ref. 69 with permission from John Wiley and Sons, copyright 2020).