Table 2.
The changes in the profiles of mood state (POMS) clusters among the non-anemic male athletes during the iron supplementation over four weeks of training exercise regimen compared to placebo (Site 1).
| Variables σ | Placebo (N = 23) |
Cohen's d | Fe-treatment (N = 26) |
Cohen's d | P-Value & F-Value (Between groups) |
Repeated measure MANCOVA |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0W | 2W# | 4W | 0W | 2W | 4W | ANCOVA | (Group by Time) | |||
| Anger-Hostility (AH) | 0W–2W: P = 0.439; F = 0.61 | |||||||||
| Mean ± sem | 5.3 ± 1.03 | 4.5 ± 0.94 | 5.3 ± 0.95 | 2W: -0.15 | 4.5 ± 0.84 | 3.4 ± 0.80 | 3.4 ± 1.10 | 2W: -0.23 | 0W–4W: P = 0.257; F = 1.32 | P = 0.289; F = 1.11 |
| 95% CI | 3.3–7.3 | 2.7–6.4 | 3.4–7.2 | 4W: 0.01 | 2.9–6.2 | 1.8–5.0 | 1.2–5.5 | 4W: -0.19 | ||
| Confusion-Bewilderment (CB) | 0W–2W: P = 0.096; F = 2.89 | |||||||||
| Mean ± sem | 12.1 ± 0.72 | 11.8 ± 0.94 | 12.1 ± 2.52 | 2W: -0.06 | 11.2 ± 0.75 | 9.3 ± 0.74 | 8.7 ± 0.82 | 2W: -0.42 | 0W–4W: P = 0.149; F = 2.15 | P = 0.071; F = 3.37 |
| 95% CI | 10.7–13.5 | 9.9–13.6 | 7.1–17.0 | 4W: 0.00 | 9.8–12.7 | 7.9–10.8 | 7.0–10.3 | 4W: -0.52 | ||
| Depression-Dejection (DD) | 0W–2W: P = 0.040; F = 4.49 | |||||||||
| Mean ± sem | 13.1 ± 0.94 | 5.9 ± 1.23 | 5.7 ± 1.27 | 2W: -1.10 | 11.5 ± 0.67 | 3.3 ± 0.86 | 2.9 ± 0.86 | 2W: -1.63 | 0W–4W: P = 0.041; F = 4.41 | P = 0.032; F = 4.88 |
| 95% CI | 11.3–14.9 | 3.5–8.3 | 3.2–8.2 | 4W: -1.08 | 10.2–12.8 | 1.6–5.0 | 1.2–4.6 | 4W: -1.71 | ||
| Fatigue-Inertia (FI) | 0W–2W: P = 0.455; F = 0.57 | |||||||||
| Mean ± sem | 9.9 ± 0.58 | 6.3 ± 0.72 | 7.6 ± 0.94 | 2W: -0.93 | 9.4 ± 0.55 | 5.6 ± 0.83 | 5.4 ± 0.77 | 2W: -0.81 | 0W–4W: P = 0.075; F = 3.32 | P = 0.136; F = 2.35 |
| 95% CI | 8.8–11.1 | 4.9–7.8 | 5.8–9.5 | 4W: -0.47 | 8.3–10.5 | 4.0–7.2 | 3.9–6.9 | 4W: -0.90 | ||
| Tension-Anxiety (TA) | 0W–2W: P = 0.031; F = 4.98 | |||||||||
| Mean ± sem | 12.3 ± 0.75 | 15.9 ± 1.10 | 16.4 ± 1.91 | 2W: 0.62 | 10.7 ± 0.45 | 13.1 ± 0.80 | 12.8 ± 1.01 | 2W: 0.55 | 0W–4W: P = 0.050; F = 3.97 | P = 0.028; F = 5.18 |
| 95% CI | 10.8–13.8 | 13.7–18.0 | 12.6–20.1 | 4W: -0.43 | 9.8–11.6 | 11.6–14.7 | 10.8–14.8 | 4W: 0.39 | ||
| Vigor-Activity (VA) | 0W–2W: P = 0.762; F = 0.093 | |||||||||
| Mean ± sem | 10.0 ± 0.73 | 19.8 ± 1.46 | 18.1 ± 1.27 | 2W: 1.34 | 8.9 ± 0.72 | 21.4 ± 1.29 | 20.1 ± 1.39 | 2W: 1.77 | 0W–4W: P = 0.686; F = 0.17 | P = 0.439; F = 0.03 |
| 95% CI | 8.6–11.4 | 16.9–22.6 | 15.6–20.6 | 4W: 1.23 | 7.5–10.3 | 18.9–24.0 | 17.4–22.8 | 4W: 1.48 | ||
| Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) | 0W–2W: P = 0.042; F = 4.40 | |||||||||
| Mean ± sem | 42.7 ± 2.56 | 24.5 ± 4.47 | 29.0 ± 5.72 | 2W: -0.80 | 36.9 ± 2.57 | 13.3 ± 3.70 | 13.0 ± 3.69 | 2W: -1.12 | 0W–4W: P = 0.016; F = 6.31 | P = 0.014; F = 6.35 |
| 95% CI | 37.7–47.7 | 15.7–33.3 | 17.8–40.2 | 4W: -0.48 | 31.8–41.9 | 6.1–20.6 | 5.8–20.2 | 4W: -1.14 | ||
| Friendliness (F) | 0W–2W: P = 0.196; F = 1.72 | |||||||||
| Mean ± sem | 10.5 ± 0.72 | 14.3 ± 0.82 | 12.7 ± 0.85 | 2W:0.83 | 8.4 ± 0.61 | 14.2 ± 0.72 | 14.2 ± 0.73 | 2W:1.35 | 0W–4W: P = 0.728; F = 0.12 | P = 0.745; F = 0.13 |
| 95% CI | 9.1–11.9 | 12.7–15.9 | 11.0–14.4 | 4W: 0.47 | 7.2–9.6 | 12.8–15.6 | 12.8–15.6 | 4W: 1.34 | ||
#: N = 22; N = Number of subjects; sem = Standard error of mean; CI = Confidential interval; ANCOVA = Analysis of covariance; MANCOVA = Multivariate analysis of covariance (Repeated measure); Significant P ≤ 0.05; Trending significant P ≤ 0.10;σ: Five-point Likert scale from 0 to 4 (0 = not at all; 1 = a little; 2 = moderate; 3 = quite a bit; 4 = extreme); Effect size (Cohen's d).