. 2023 Feb 3;32:101084. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101084

Table 3.

Differences in the exercise-related variables related to fatigue, sweating, and conditioning among the non-anemic athletes during the iron supplementation compared to placebo over four weeks of the training exercise.

Male (site-1) Variables ^λ	Placebo (N = 21)			Cohen's d	Fe-treatment (N = 25)			Cohen's d	P-Value & F-Value (Between groups)	Repeated measure MANCOVA
Male (site-1) Variables ^λ	0W	2W	4W		0W	2W^#	4W		ANCOVA	(Group by Time)
Burden of Exercise									0W–2W: P = 0.352; F = 0.89
Mean ± sem	2.29 ± 0.25	2.29 ± 0.24	2.29 ± 0.25	2W: 0.00	2.36 ± 0.19	1.52 ± 0.21	1.72 ± 0.20	2W: -0.70	0W–4W: P = 0.246; F = 1.39	P = 0.147; F = 2.26
95% CI	1.80–2.78	1.81–2.76	1.80–2.78	4W: 0.00	1.99–2.73	1.12–1.93	1.34–2.10	4W: -0.54
Body Pain: Post Exercise									0W–2W: P = 0.237; F = 1.44
Mean ± sem	1.62 ± 0.26	1.62 ± 0.24	1.71 ± 0.24	2W: 0.00	1.64 ± 0.17	1.04 ± 0.17	1.16 ± 0.18	2W: -0.58	0W–4W: P = 0.302; F = 1.09	P = 0.121; F = 2.53
95% CI	1.10–2.13	1.14–2.10	1.24–2.19	4W: 0.07	1.30–1.98	0.71–1.38	0.81–1.51	4W: -0.44
Tired Feeling: Post Exercise									0W–2W: P = 0.132; F = 2.37
Mean ± sem	2.24 ± 0.19	2.10 ± 0.23	2.05 ± 0.18	2W: -0.12	2.04 ± 0.20	1.48 ± 0.21	1.48 ± 0.13	2W: -0.46	0W–4W: P = 0.075; F = 3.33	P = 0.047; F = 4.27
95% CI	1.86–2.62	1.65–2.54	1.70–2.39	4W: -0.19	1.66–2.42	1.07–1.88	1.22–1.74	4W: -0.59
Relief from Fatigue									0W–2W: P = 0.484; F = 0.50
Mean ± sem	0.38 ± 0.18	1.14 ± 0.22	0.95 ± 0.18	2W: 0.66	0.75 ± 0.24^φ	0.91 ± 0.17	1.04 ± 0.18	2W: 0.14	0W–4W: P = 0.238 F = 1.43	P = 0.356; F = 0.89
95% CI	0.04–0.73	0.71–1.58	0.61–1.30	4W: 0.58	0.29–1.21	0.59–1.24	0.69–1.39	4W: 0.24
Degree of Sweat									0W–2W: P = 0.911; F = 0.01
Mean ± sem	2.81 ± 0.16	2.19 ± 0.18	2.33 ± 0.20	2W: -0.64	3.00 ± 0.17	2.04 ± 0.23	2.12 ± 0.18	2W: -0.76	0W–4W: P = 0.958; F = 0.03	P = 0.954; F = 0.02
95% CI	2.49–3.13	1.84–2.54	1.94–2.72	4W: -0.45	2.66–3.34	1.59–2.50	1.77–2.47	4W: -0.82

Female (site-2) Variable^δ	Placebo (N = 21)				Fe-treatment (N = 25)				P-Value & F-Value (Between groups)	Repeated measure MANCOVA
Female (site-2) Variable^δ	0W	2W	4W		0W	2W	4W		ANCOVA	(Group by Time)
Burden of Exercise									0W–2W: P = 0.753; F = 0.10
Mean ± sem	52.8 ± 3.59	50.5 ± 5.23	50.9 ± 5.18	2W: -0.09	54.8 ± 4.90	53.3 ± 4.3	48.4 ± 5.5	2W: -0.06	0W–4W: P = 0.657; F = 0.20	P = 0.789; F = 0.29
95% CI	45.8–59.8	40.2–60.8	40.7–61.1	4W: -0.07	45.2–64.4	44.8–61.8	37.7–59.2	4W: -0.22
Body Pain: Post Exercise									0W–2W: P = 0.398; F = 0.73
Mean ± sem	55.1 ± 5.76	55.0 ± 5.92	64.9 ± 5.30	2W: 0.00	67.2 ± 5.99	66.0 ± 5.12	61.7 ± 5.47	2W: -0.04	0W–4W: P = 0.349; F = 0.90	P = 0.152; F = 1.98
95% CI	43.8–66.4	43.4–66.6	54.5–75.3	4W: 0.32	55.5–79.0	56.0–76.1	51.0–72.4	4W: -0.17
Tired Feeling: Post Exercise									0W–2W: P = 1.0; F = 0.0
Mean ± sem	46.0 ± 3.71	53.8 ± 5.34	54.5 ± 4.26	2W: 0.28	44.6 ± 4.04	52.9 ± 4.87	56.9 ± 4.45	2W: 0.32	0W–4W: P = 0.673; F = 0.18	P = 0.848; F = 0.19
95% CI	38.7–53.3	43.3–64.2	46.2–62.9	4W: 0.37	36.7–52.5	43.3–62.4	48.1–65.6	4W: 0.51
Relief from Fatigue									0W–2W: P = 0.264; F = 1.28
Mean ± sem	56.9 ± 3.21	64.0 ± 3.83	67.0 ± 3.68	2W: 0.35	63.2 ± 4.14	59.9 ± 3.31	63.9 ± 4.38	2W:- 0.17	0W–4W: P = 0.323; F = 1.00	P = 0.126; F = 2.27
95% CI	50.6–63.2	56.5–71.5	59.8–74.2	4W: 0.51	55.1–71.4	53.4–66.3	55.4–72.5	4W: 0.03
Degree of Sweat									0W–2W: P = 0.054; F = 3.94
Mean ± sem	72.6 ± 5.54	76.5 ± 3.62	69.8 ± 4.18	2W: 0.16	77.1 ± 3.26	63.2 ± 5.75	66.6 ± 4.57	2W: -0.49	0W–4W: P = 0.606; F = 0.27	P = 0.079; F = 2.74
95% CI	61.8–83.5	69.4–83.6	61.6–77.9	4W: -0.11	70.7–83.5	51.9–74.5	57.7–75.6	4W: -0.45

#: N = 23; φ: N = 24; N = Number of subjects; sem = Standard error of mean; CI = Confidential interval; ANCOVA = Analysis of covariance; MANCOVA = Multivariate analysis of covariance (Repeated measure); Significant P ≤ 0.05; Trending significant P ≤ 0.10; λ: Rating of perceived exertion, sweating and fatigue (0 = not at all; 1 = a little; 2 = moderate; 3 = quite a bit; 4 = extreme). δ: Visual analog scale (VAS); Effect size (Cohen's d).