Table 2.
Associations of each food groups from MDS with incident rosacea (n = 3496).
| Total no. of participants | No. of cases of rosacea/person-years | Incidence rate (per 1000 person-years) | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95%CI) | P | aOR (95%CI) | P | ||||
| Total | 3,496 | 83/8668 | 9.58 | ||||
| Whole grains | |||||||
| <1 time/week | 1,489 | 44/3711 | 11.86 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1–3 days/week | 1,308 | 31/3243 | 9.56 | 0.73 (0.46, 1.17) | 0.190 | 0.73 (0.45, 1.18) | 0.196 |
| ≥4 days/week | 699 | 8/1714 | 4.67 | 0.37 (0.17, 0.79) | 0.011 | 0.37 (0.17, 0.84) | 0.017 |
| Red meats | |||||||
| ≤3 days/week | 1,164 | 35/2907 | 12.04 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 4-6 days/week | 878 | 15/2199 | 6.82 | 0.60 (0.32, 1.11) | 0.102 | 0.67 (0.35, 1.26) | 0.209 |
| Everyday | 1,454 | 33/3562 | 9.26 | 0.83 (0.51, 1.34) | 0.438 | 0.96 (0.55, 1.67) | 0.892 |
| Fish | |||||||
| Rarely | 506 | 18/1222 | 14.73 | Reference | Reference | ||
| <1 time/week | 1,378 | 33/3483 | 9.47 | 0.62 (0.34, 1.12) | 0.111 | 0.69 (0.37, 1.27) | 0.235 |
| ≥1 day/week | 1,612 | 32/3963 | 8.07 | 0.54 (0.30, 0.97) | 0.041 | 0.61 (0.32, 1.17) | 0.137 |
| Raw vegetables | |||||||
| ≤3 days/week | 457 | 15/1182 | 12.69 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 4-6 days/week | 681 | 19/1719 | 11.05 | 0.89 (0.44, 1.77) | 0.732 | 0.90 (0.44, 1.84) | 0.781 |
| Everyday | 2,358 | 49/5767 | 8.50 | 0.64 (0.35, 1.19) | 0.158 | 0.68 (0.35, 1.33) | 0.259 |
| Legumes | |||||||
| <1 time/week | 877 | 26/2147 | 12.11 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1–3 days/week | 1,659 | 40/4150 | 9.64 | 0.77 (0.46, 1.27) | 0.305 | 0.77 (0.46, 1.31) | 0.343 |
| ≥4 days/week | 960 | 17/2371 | 7.17 | 0.58 (0.31, 1.08) | 0.084 | 0.59 (0.29, 1.21) | 0.149 |
| Fruits | |||||||
| ≤3 days/week | 1,512 | 36/3720 | 9.68 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 4-6 days/week | 779 | 15/1947 | 7.70 | 0.66 (0.36, 1.22) | 0.182 | 0.73 (0.39, 1.37) | 0.322 |
| Everyday | 1,205 | 32/3001 | 10.66 | 0.89 (0.54, 1.45) | 0.628 | 1.05 (0.61, 1.80) | 0.854 |
| Nuts | |||||||
| <1 time/week | 1,324 | 36/3249 | 11.08 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1-3 days/week | 1,459 | 29/3643 | 7.96 | 0.66 (0.40, 1.08) | 0.096 | 0.72 (0.43, 1.22) | 0.222 |
| ≥4 days/week | 713 | 18/1776 | 10.14 | 0.85 (0.47, 1.52) | 0.575 | 1.00 (0.51, 1.98) | 0.990 |
Model 1: Adjusted by age and sex. Model 2: Further adjusted by education level, annual household income, BMI (continuous), cigarette smoking (never, past, or current smoking of 1–14, 15–20, or >20 cigarettes/d), alcohol drinking (rarely, past, or current drinking of 1, 2-4, or ≥ 5 times/week), sunbath (rarely, sometimes, and frequently), frequency of physical exercise, and principal components of other dietary factors.