Table 3.

Therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanisms of Lactobacillus reuteri strains in various intestinal diseases in humans.

Lactobacillus reuteri strain	References	Experimental model/participant	Disease	Effect/outcome	Mechanism of action
RC-14	Jang et al. (2018a)	Human	IBD	The proportion of CD4+ CD25 high T cells increased, but TNF-α+/IL-12+ monocytes and myeloid DC decreased	The underlying mechanisms remain unclear
ATCC 55730	Jang H. M. et al. (2019)	Children(years range 6–18)	IBD	Improved mucosal inflammation and changed mucosal expression levels of some cytokines(IL-10 significantly increased whereas IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-8 significantly decreased)	The underlying mechanisms remain unclear
DSM 17938	Gancarčíková et al. (2019)	Infants younger than 60 days	Colic	Decrease in daily crying time in infants with colic	Activation of FoxP3
SGL01	Hojsak (2019)	Infants aged 3–16 weeks	Colic	Number and duration of crying episodes decreased significantly	The underlying mechanisms remain unclear
FloraActive™ 12246	Pärtty et al. (2018)	Infants aged 4–12 weeks	Colic	Decreased cry and fuss time	The underlying mechanisms remain unclear
ATCC 55730	Roos et al. (2013)	Infants	Colic	Decreased crying time	The underlying mechanisms remain unclear
LR92 DSM 26866	Skórka et al. (2017)	Pregnant women	Colic	Prevented the occurrence and reduce the severity of infantile colic	The underlying mechanisms remain unclear
DSM 17938	Gerasimov et al. (2018)	Children aged 6 months−6 years	CFC	Exhibited significant improvement in defecation frequency	The underlying mechanisms remain unclear
DSM 17938	Pourmirzaiee et al. (2020)	Children with a mean age 9.1 ± 3.8 years	FAP	Reduced the frequency and intensity of abdominal pain episodes	The underlying mechanisms remain unclear

IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; DCs, dendritic cells; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; FoxP3, forkhead box P3; IL, interleukin; CFC, chronic functional constipation; FAP, functional abdominal pain.