Table 3.
Cox regression analysis of RA for the risk of ESRD in various subgroups.
| Total number | Event number | Follow-up duration (person-years) | Incidence per 1,000 person-years | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CIs) | HR (95%CIs) | HR (95%CIs) | HR (95%CIs) | |||||||
| Age (years) | 20–39 | Control | 65,640 | 20 | 310168.46 | 0.064 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| RA | 13,128 | 33 | 61868.27 | 0.533 | 8.273 (4.747, 14.417) | 8.273 (4.747, 14.417) | 8.409 (4.822,14.666) | 5.978 (3.317, 10.807) | ||
| 40–64 | Control | 522,990 | 613 | 2512013.56 | 0.244 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| RA | 104,598 | 314 | 500883.89 | 0.627 | 2.569 (2.243, 2.944) | 2.574 (2.246, 2.949) | 2.539 (2.216, 2.909) | 2.617 (2.269, 3.020) | ||
| 65 ≤ | Control | 186,355 | 737 | 841070.00 | 0.876 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| RA | 37,271 | 243 | 165662.42 | 1.467 | 1.676 (1.450, 1.938) | 1.684 (1.457, 1.947) | 1.670 (1.445, 1.931) | 1.645 (1.419, 1.908) | ||
| P for interaction | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Sex | Male | Control | 207,740 | 572 | 934018.80 | 0.612 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| RA | 41,548 | 225 | 184635.16 | 1.219 | 1.991 (1.707, 2.323) | 2.011 (1.723, 2.346) | 1.980 (1.696, 2.310) | 1.906 (1.624, 2.237) | ||
| Female | Control | 567,245 | 798 | 2729233.21 | 0.292 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| RA | 113,449 | 365 | 543779.41 | 0.671 | 2.296 (2.029, 2.599) | 2.302 (2.034, 2.606) | 2.289 (2.022, 2.590) | 2.328 (2.049, 2.645) | ||
| P for interaction | 0.158 | 0.177 | 0.135 | 0.159 | ||||||
| Smoking status | Former or non-smoker | Control | 681,555 | 1,170 | 3232177.18 | 0.362 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| RA | 136,803 | 497 | 645888.10 | 0.769 | 2.126 (1.914, 2.362) | 2.136 (1.923, 2.372) | 2.112 (1.902, 2.346) | 2.126 (1.908, 2.370) | ||
| Current smoker | Control | 93,430 | 200 | 431074.83 | 0.464 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| RA | 18,194 | 93 | 82526.47 | 1.127 | 2.431 (1.901, 3.109) | 2.456 (1.920, 3.141) | 2.445 (1.911, 3.129) | 2.322 (1.795, 3.005) | ||
| P for interaction | 0.325 | 0.288 | 0.326 | 0.344 | ||||||
| Alcohol consumption | No | Control | 526,663 | 1,068 | 2519363.34 | 0.424 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| RA | 109,173 | 444 | 518451.40 | 0.856 | 2.021 (1.809, 2.257) | 2.028 (1.816, 2.266) | 2.029 (1.817, 2.267) | 2.057 (1.835, 2.306) | ||
| Yes | Control | 248,322 | 302 | 1143888.68 | 0.264 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| RA | 45,824 | 146 | 209963.17 | 0.695 | 2.636 (2.163, 3.211) | 2.658 (2.181, 3.238) | 2.666 (2.188, 3.249) | 2.477 (2.016, 3.043) | ||
| P for interaction | 0.022 | 0.020 | 0.021 | 0.021 | ||||||
| Regular exercise | No | Control | 620,803 | 1,144 | 2945086.91 | 0.388 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| RA | 126,370 | 490 | 595652.33 | 0.823 | 2.118 (1.906, 2.355) | 2.130 (1.916, 2.368) | 2.121 (1.908, 2.357) | 2.057 (1.835, 2.306) | ||
| Yes | Control | 154,182 | 226 | 718165.11 | 0.315 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| RA | 28,627 | 100 | 132762.25 | 0.753 | 2.395 (1.893, 3.031) | 2.414 (1.908, 3.055) | 2.379 (1.879, 3.010) | 2.477 (2.016, 3.043) | ||
| P for interaction | 0.353 | 0.351 | 0.374 | 0.330 | ||||||
| Low-income status | No | Control | 615,853 | 1,043 | 2911146.40 | 0.358 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| RA | 123,688 | 454 | 582702.24 | 0.779 | 2.175 (1.948, 2.428) | 2.179 (1.951, 2.433) | 2.154 (1.929, 2.405) | 2.146 (1.915, 2.405) | ||
| Yes | Control | 159,132 | 327 | 752105.61 | 0.435 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| RA | 31,309 | 136 | 145712.33 | 0.933 | 2.144 (1.756, 2.619) | 2.203 (1.804, 2.691) | 2.178 (1.783, 2.661) | 2.183 (1.775, 2.685) | ||
| P for interaction | 0.922 | 0.893 | 0.858 | 0.767 | ||||||
| Obesity | No | Control | 514,052 | 794 | 2436900.49 | 0.326 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| RA | 103,344 | 387 | 487430.47 | 0.794 | 2.437 (2.158, 2.752) | 2.466 (2.184, 2.785) | 2.441 (2.161, 2.756) | 2.463 (2.171, 2.794) | ||
| Yes | Control | 260,933 | 576 | 1226351.52 | 0.470 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| RA | 51,653 | 203 | 240984.11 | 0.842 | 1.795 (1.530, 2.106) | 1.789 (1.525, 2.100) | 1.775 (1.512, 2.083) | 1.742 (1.478, 2.053) | ||
| P for interaction | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| DM | No | Control | 680,155 | 622 | 3237323.27 | 0.192 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| RA | 135,526 | 402 | 642408.63 | 0.626 | 3.257 (2.873, 3.693) | 3.276 (2.890, 3.714) | 3.253 (2.869, 3.688) | 3.214 (2.819, 3.664) | ||
| Yes | Control | 94,830 | 748 | 425928.74 | 1.756 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| RA | 19,471 | 188 | 86005.94 | 2.186 | 1.247 (1.063, 1.463) | 1.258 (1.072, 1.476) | 1.238 (1.055, 1.453) | 1.273 (1.081, 1.500) | ||
| P for interaction | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| HTN | No | Control | 499,164 | 178 | 2366300.13 | 0.075 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| RA | 96,288 | 182 | 455905.25 | 0.399 | 5.308 (4.317, 6.526) | 5.343 (4.346, 6.570) | 5.315 (4.322, 6.536) | 5.760 (4.609, 7.200) | ||
| Yes | Control | 275,821 | 1,192 | 1296951.88 | 0.919 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| RA | 58,709 | 408 | 272509.33 | 1.497 | 1.630 (1.457, 1.824) | 1.659 (1.483, 1.856) | 1.635 (1.461, 1.829) | 1.672 (1.489, 1.877) | ||
| P for interaction | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| DL | No | Control | 533,388 | 544 | 2573225.43 | 0.211 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| RA | 102,586 | 330 | 493340.84 | 0.669 | 3.165 (2.760, 3.628) | 3.224 (2.812, 3.697) | 3.196 (2.787, 3.665) | 3.240 (2.808, 3.740) | ||
| Yes | Control | 241,597 | 826 | 1090026.59 | 0.758 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| RA | 52,411 | 260 | 235073.73 | 1.106 | 1.460 (1.270, 1.679) | 1.463 (1.273, 1.682) | 1.448 (1.260, 1.665) | 1.506 (1.305, 1.737) | ||
| P for interaction | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| CKD | No | Control | 730,211 | 461 | 3443455.12 | 0.134 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| RA | 145,873 | 345 | 684097.35 | 0.504 | 3.770 (3.279, 4.335) | 3.789 (3.296, 4.356) | 3.767 (3.276, 4.331) | 3.635 (3.143, 4.204) | ||
| Yes | Control | 44,774 | 909 | 219796.89 | 4.136 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| RA | 9,124 | 245 | 44317.23 | 5.528 | 1.337 (1.161, 1.539) | 1.340 (1.164, 1.543) | 1.332 (1.156, 1.533) | 1.357 (1.175, 1.569) | ||
| P for interaction | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Model 1, unadjusted model. Model 2, model 1 + adjusted for age and sex. Model 3, model 2 + adjusted for smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, low income, and obesity. Model 4, model 3 + adjusted for comorbid conditions, including NSAID medication, DM, HTN, DL, and CKD.
CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DL, dyslipidemia; DM, diabetes mellitus; HR, hazard ratio; HTN, hypertension; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.