Table 2.
Demographic information and clinical characteristics of the face-to-face assessed subsample related to the COVID history in the AOD, POD, and NOD groups.
| Subsample | AOD group | POD group | NOD group | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 76) | (n = 13) | (n = 19) | (n = 44) | ||
| Sex (F, M; M%) | 68, 8; 10.5% | 12, 1; 7.7% | 18, 1; 5.3% | 38, 6; 13.6% | .571b |
| Age (Years)a | 46 (40–51) | 41 (38–47) | 43 (40.5–47) | 47 (41–53) | .086c |
| SESa | 6 (5–8) | 8 (7–8) | 6 (5.5–7.5) | 6 (5–7) | .047c |
| Annual incomea | 30 (20–40) | 30 (30–50) | 30 (20–30) | 30 (20–40) | .232c |
| Handedness (n, %) | .433b | ||||
| Right-hand | 69, 90.8% | 12, 92.3% | 19, 100% | 38, 86.4% | |
| Left-hand | 4, 5.3% | 1, 7.7% | 3, 6,8% | ||
| Ambidextrous | 3, 3.9% | 3, 6.8% | |||
| Ethnicity (n, %) | .521b | ||||
| White | 73, 96.1% | 12, 92.3% | 19, 100% | 42, 95.5% | |
| Mixed ethnic groups | |||||
| Bla., Lat., Car., Afr. | 3, 3.9% | 1, 7.7% | 2, 4.5% | ||
| Prefer not to say | |||||
| Monthsd | 17 (11–20; 3–30) | 20 (18–25; 4–30) | 17 (7.5–19; 3–29) | 16 (11.5–19; 4–30) | .058c |
| BMIa | 25.53 (21.89–31.08) | 27.59 (22.84–30.04) | 24.86 (20.18–30.28) | 24.92 (22.14–31.18) | .520c |
| Acute phase of COVID | |||||
| Confirm. Test | 69, 90,8% | 12, 92,3% | 18, 94,7% | 39, 88,6% | .728b |
| Hospit. (n, %) | 17, 22.4% | 1, 7.7% | 2, 10.5% | 14, 31.8% | .067b |
| Vent. assist. (n, %) | .302b | ||||
| Not applicable | 64, 84.2% | 11, 84.6% | 18, 94.7% | 35, 79.5% | |
| Intubated | 5, 6.6% | 5, 11.4% | |||
| Enhanced RS | 7, 9.2% | 2, 15.4% | 1, 5.3% | 4, 9.1% | |
| Long-COVID symptoms | |||||
| Sense of taste | <.001b | ||||
| Ageusia (n, %) | 15, 63.2% | 1, 7.7% | 13, 68.4% | 1, 2.3% | |
| Metal. taste (n, %) | 13, 17.1% | 4, 30.8% | 4, 21.1% | 5, 11.4% | |
| Fatigue (n, %) | 72, 94.7% | 13, 100% | 18, 94.7% | 41, 93.2% | .626b |
| Brain fog (n, %) | 70, 92.1% | 12, 92.3% | 17, 89.5% | 41, 93.2% | .882b |
| Lack concent. (n, %) | 75, 98.7% | 13, 100% | 19, 100% | 43, 97.7% | .692b |
| Sleep disturb. (n, %) | 62, 81.6% | 11, 84.6% | 16, 84.2% | 35, 79.5% | .866b |
| Nightmares (n, %) | 37, 48.7% | 8, 61.5% | 7, 36.8% | 22, 50% | .376b |
| Rec. fevers (n, %) | 18, 23.7% | 6, 46.2% | 4, 21.1% | 8, 18.2% | .109b |
| Headache (n, %) | 49, 64.5% | 9, 69.2% | 14, 73.7% | 26, 59.1% | .499b |
| Vis. disturb. (n, %) | 53, 69.7% | 6, 46.2% | 15, 78.9% | 32, 72.7% | .112b |
| Myalgia (n, %) | 65, 85.5% | 13, 100% | 14, 73.7% | 38, 86.4% | .112b |
| ED Diagn. (n, %) | 11, 14.5% | 2, 15.4% | 1, 5.3% | 8, 18.2% | .407b |
Data are shown as median (first quartile – third quartile).
Pearson chi-squared test.
Kruskal-Wallis test.
Data are shown as median (first quartile – third quartile; minimum – maximum).
All the participants had > 12 years of education. SES = subjective educational and socio-economic status (scale range from 1 to 10 points). Annual income is reported on a 5-point scale (range from 10 to 50 thousand euros). Bla., Lat., Car., Afr. = Black, Latino, Caribbean or African; Months = months from diagnosis to assessment; BMI = body mass index; Confirm. Test = SARS-CoV-2 confirmed with antigen or PCR test; Hospit. = Hospitalisation; Vent. assist. = ventilatory assistance; RS = respiratory support; Metal. = metallic; Concent. = concentration; Disturb. = disturbance; Vis. = visual; Rec. = recurrent; ED diagn. = emotional disorder diagnosis based on clinical judgement (mood and/or anxiety disorders according to DSM-5 classification).