Figure 3.
Summary of significant putative causal relationships between BCTs and NPDs identified by CAUSE (primary MR analysis) and of MR sensitivity analyses (including LCV and five two-sample MR methods) for each of these relationships
Results colored in blue represent the estimated causal effect of BCTs on NPDs, while results colored in orange represent the estimated causal effect of NPDs on BCTs. Error bars for CAUSE and the five two-sample MR methods represent 95% confidence intervals, and those for LCV-based GCP point estimates represent standard errors. For LCV, a negative GCP indicates a causal effect of BCT on NPD, and vice versa. Single and double asterisks indicate results surpassing nominal significance (p < 0.05) and Bonferroni significance (p < 3.05 × 10−4), respectively. See Tables S26 and S27 for complete details of the estimates.