What was already known on the topic	Adoption of blockchain distributed ledger technology for genomics and healthcare applications is on the rise Blockchain and smart contracts are increasingly being used in biomedical research applications
What this study added to our knowledge	Benchmarking results of novel blockchain-based methods for institutions to share patient outcomes of gene-drug interactions may promote data sharing and thus enable personalized medicine The results can eventually support future blockchain-based healthcare, genomic and biomedical applications