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(A–C) FEM analysis of the application of compressive mechanical stress on a 3D-printed hollow fiber. Reproduced with permission from ref (121). Copyright 2021 MDPI. (D, E) Simulating the stress field effect upon indentation at substrate–polymer interface of an FDM 3D-printed surface. In (D), the polymer is purely elastic, and in (E), it is a blend of elastic–plastic model polymers. Reproduced with permission from ref (124). Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society.
