Table 1.
Availability of selected medications and routes in Italian emergency departments
| As a proportion of sites surveyed | As a proportion of children represented | |
|---|---|---|
| Ketamine | ||
| - IV | 17 (95%) | 483,764 (96%) |
| - IN | 6 (33%) | 179,764 (36%) |
| - At least one route | 17 (95%) | 483,764 (96%) |
| Midazolam | ||
| - IV | 18 (100%) | 502,764 (100%) |
| - IN | 16 (89%) | 431,764 (86%) |
| - PO | 13 (72%) | 272,264 (54%) |
| - At least one route | 18 (100%) | 502,764 (100%) |
| Nitrous oxide | 9 (50%) | 207,690 (59%) |
| Propofol | 11 (61%) | 270,838 (54%) |
| Fentanyl (at least one route) | ||
| - IV | 14 (78%) | 361,264 (72%) |
| - IN | 16 (89%) | 417,764 (83%) |
| Dexmedetomidine IN | 6 (33%) | 205,500 (53%) |
| Chloral hydrate | Not available | Not available |
| Topical anesthetics | ||
| - For laceration care | 13 (72%) | 382,264(76%) |
| - For intravenous catheterization | 11 (61%) | 356,000 (71%) |
| Tissue adhesive | 16 (89%) | 472,764 (94%) |
Legend: IV intravenous, IN intranasal, PO per Os.