Table 1.

Study variables

S.N.	Variables	Categories of variables
A	Dependent variable
1	Utilization of health insurance	Yes, No
B	Background variables
1	Age of household head	Years
2	Gender of household head	Male, Female, Others
3	Ethnicity	Dalit, Janajati, Madhesi, Muslim, Brahmin/ Chhetri, Others (based on Health Management Information System classification)
4	Literacy	Illiterate, Literate
5	Family size	Number
6	Family type	Nuclear, Joint Family /Extended
7	Number of children in a family	Number
8	Number of elderly (≥ 60 years of age) in the family	Number
9	Average annual income	Amount
10	Major source of expenditure	Household general expenditure, Health, Education
11	Expenditure in Health	Amount
12	Socio economic status	Upper, middle, lower (calculated by using Modified Kuppuswamy scale [42]
C	Mediating Variables
1	Conditions of seeking health care	Regular during illness, Only after not responding to other treatment, Only in emergency / severe condition, Regular check-up, Other
2	Presence of chronic illness	Yes, No
3	Presence of family member with a disability	Yes, No
4	Comprehensive knowledge in health insurance	Yes, No
5	Current membership status	Currently insured (has valid ID card), Previously insured (non-renewal)
6	Enrolled in other modes of health insurance	Privately purchased commercial insurance, Health Insurance through the employer
7	Last annual contribution amount paid	Amount
8	Total family members enrolled in health insurance	Number
9	Willingness to continue	Yes, No
10	Membership Duration	Months