Table 3.
Small extracellular vesicle miRNA biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis and chemoresistance
| Biomarker | Source | Type of purpose | Expression | Feature | Technology | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-122-5p | Plasma | Diagnosis | ↑ | N/A | RT-qPCR | [206] |
| Let-7b-5p | Plasma | Diagnosis | ↓ | N/A | RT-qPCR | [206] |
| miR-101 & miR-372 | Serum | Diagnosis | ↑ | N/A | RT-qPCR | [207] |
| miR-188-5p | Serum | Diagnosis | ↓ | N/A | RT-qPCR | [208] |
| miR-1246 | Plasma | Diagnosis | ↑ | Combination with miR-21 showing better diagnostic value | NGS-Illumina | [209] |
| miR-21 | Plasma |
Diagnosis Prognosis |
↑ | High expression in later-stage BC | NGS-Illumina | [209–211] |
| miR-7641 | Cells/plasma | Diagnosis | ↑ |
Up-regulated in TNBC Related to proliferation & migration |
Microarray/RT-qPCR | [212] |
| miR-9 | Cells | Diagnosis | ↑ |
Up-regulated in TNBC Related to metastasis |
RT-qPCR | [213] |
| miR-155 | Cells |
Diagnosis Chemoresistance |
↑ |
Up-regulated in TNBC Related to DOX and PTX resistance in BC |
RT-qPCR | [213, 214] |
| miR-105 | Cells/Mouse | Diagnosis | ↑ | Up-regulated in TNBC | Solex deep sequencing | [58] |
| miR-373 | Cells/serum | Diagnosis | ↑ |
Up-regulated in TNBC Related to proliferation & migration |
RT-qPCR | [207, 215] |
| miR-223-3p | Plasma | Diagnosis | ↑ | Related to invasive BC | RT-qPCR | [216] |
| miR- 338-3p, miR-340-5p & miR-124-3p | Serum | Prognosis | ↑ | Related to BC recurrence | miRNA PCR array | [217] |
| miR-29b-3p, miR-20b-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-18a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-486-5p & miR-93-5p | Serum | Prognosis | ↓ | Related to BC recurrence | miRNA PCR array | [217] |
| miR-16 & miR30b | Plasma | Prognosis | ↑ | Up-regulated in BC with recurrence | Microarray | [218] |
| miR-93 | Plasma | Prognosis | ↑ | Up-regulated in DCIS | Microarray | [218] |
| miR-373 & miR-24–2-5p | Plasma | Prognosis | ↑ | Negatively correlated with survival | NGS-Illumina | [219] |
| miR-548b-5p, miR-655-3P & miR-376b-5p | Plasma | Prognosis | ↓ | Positively correlated with survival | NGS-Illumina | [219] |
| miR-421, miR-128–1 &miR-128–2 | Serum | Prognosis | ↑ |
GI-derived three sEV miRNA signature Related to poor prognosis |
NGS-Illumina | [202] |
| miR-100, miR-222, miR-30a & miR-17 | Cells | Chemoresistance | ↑ | Related to DTX resistance in BC | Microarray | [220] |
| miR-221/222 | Cells | Chemoresistance | ↑ | Related to tamoxifen resistance in BC | RT-qPCR | [221] |
| let-7a, let-7b, let-7c, miR-103a, miR-16, miR-23a, miR-23b, miR-27a & miR-30a | Cells | Chemoresistance | ↑ | Related to DTX resistance in BC | Microarray | [222] |
| miR-130a, miR-20b, miR-25, miR-425, miR-455-3p, miR-4725-5p, miR-551, miR-92 | Cells | Chemoresistance | ↓ | Related to DTX resistance in BC | Microarray | [222] |
| miR-9-5p, miR-195-5p & miR-203a-3p | Cells | Chemoresistance | ↑ | Related to DOX and DTX resistance in BC | NGS-Illumina | [223] |
| miR-378a-3p, miR-378d | Cells | Chemoresistance | ↑ | Related to DOX and PTX resistance in BC | RT-qPCR | [224] |
Abbreviations: BC Breast cancer, DCIS Ductal carcinoma in situ, DOX Doxorubicin, DTX Docetaxel, GI Genomic instability, NGS Next-generation sequencing, N/A Not applicable, PTX Paclitaxel, RT-qPCR Reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, TNBC Triple- negative breast cancer