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. 2023 Feb 15;54:12. doi: 10.1186/s13567-023-01144-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Cell types identified in the chicken enteroid lamina propria. Expression of A innate immune function related genes, B glial cell, E mesenchymal cell, J smooth muscle genes and K intestinal development gene sets in freshly isolated villi (0 h), 1, 3, 4 and 7 day chicken enteroids was compared by RNA sequencing analysis. Heat maps show the mean relative expression levels (log₂ counts per million reads) of a range of mammalian gene-sets. RNA sequencing data is representative of 3 independent experiments, each comprising of 2 technical replicates, each containing 3 embryos. C–D, F–I Confocal images of chicken enteroids stained for lamina propria cell population markers (green) and counterstained with DAPI (blue) and Phalloidin (red). Enteroids at 2 days of culture stained for (C, D) HuC/HuD (green, glial cells), (F, G) vimentin (green, mesenchymal cells), (H, I) βIII-tubulin (green, mesenchymal cells). Scale bar: 20 µm. Images are representative of data from at least 3 independent cultures each containing 2–3 embryos.