Table 1.
Participants characteristics by quartiles of total dietary insoluble fiber intake
| Variables | Quartiles of dietary insoluble fiber, g/day | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1(< 7.1) | Q2(7.1–9.6) | Q3(9.6–12.9) | Q4(> 12.9) | ||
| N | 3033 | 3032 | 3033 | 3033 | |
| Male | 1204 (39.7) | 1371 (45.2) | 1422 (46.9) | 1675 (55.2) | < 0.001 |
| Age, years | 43.5 (15.8) | 40.8 (13.6) | 39.8 (13.2) | 40.4 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.4 (3.1) | 22.3 (3.1) | 22.4 (3.1) | 22.5 (3.0) | 0.160 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 114.5 (11.8) | 113.7 (11.4) | 113.1 (11.4) | 114.3 (11.1) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 74.2 (7.7) | 74.0 (7.9) | 74.2 (8.0) | 74.4 (7.8) | 0.161 |
| Follow-up duration, years | 6.0 (4.5) | 8.2 (5.4) | 8.8 (5.4) | 8.2 (5.4) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 814 (26.9) | 882 (29.3) | 896 (29.7) | 1076 (35.7) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol drinking, n (%) | 872 (29.0) | 1001 (33.4) | 1035 (34.6) | 1219 (40.8) | < 0.001 |
| Urban resident, n (%) | 1368 (45.1) | 1170 (38.6) | 988 (32.6) | 853 (28.1) | < 0.001 |
| Self-report diabetes, n (%) | 62 (2.1) | 36 (1.2) | 25 (0.8) | 27 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
| Regions, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Central | 1220 (40.2) | 1184 (39.1) | 1417 (46.7) | 1742 (57.4) | |
| North | 462 (15.2) | 609 (20.1) | 794 (26.2) | 604 (19.9) | |
| South | 1351 (44.5) | 1239 (40.9) | 822 (27.1) | 687 (22.7) | |
| Occupation, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Farmer | 627 (20.8) | 950 (31.7) | 1298 (43.4) | 1466 (48.8) | |
| Worker | 363 (12.1) | 412 (13.7) | 347 (11.6) | 335 (11.2) | |
| Unemployed | 1052 (34.9) | 731 (24.4) | 635 (21.2) | 589 (19.6) | |
| Others | 970 (32.2) | 904 (30.2) | 710 (23.7) | 612 (20.4) | |
| Education, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Illiteracy | 534 (17.9) | 465 (15.6) | 551 (18.6) | 641 (21.6) | |
| Primary school | 507 (17.0) | 580 (19.5) | 626 (21.1) | 604 (20.4) | |
| Middle school | 970 (32.5) | 990 (33.2) | 998 (33.6) | 1021 (34.4) | |
| High school or above | 978 (32.7) | 943 (31.7) | 792 (26.7) | 701 (23.6) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Low | 1189 (39.5) | 979 (32.6) | 891 (29.7) | 948 (31.6) | |
| Moderate | 1054 (35.0) | 1071 (35.7) | 974 (32.4) | 908 (30.2) | |
| Vigorous | 768 (25.5) | 951 (31.7) | 1140 (37.9) | 1148 (38.2) | |
| Dietary intake | |||||
| Insoluble fiber, g/day | 5.4 (1.3) | 8.3 (0.7) | 11.1 (1.0) | 18.4 (8.2) | < 0.001 |
| Energy, kcal/day | 1826.4 (465.4) | 2131.8 (424.4) | 2252.2 (434.6) | 2504.6 (496.7) | < 0.001 |
| Protein, g/day | 56.5 (17.1) | 64.6 (15.7) | 68.3 (16.0) | 78.0 (19.2) | < 0.001 |
| Fat, g/day | 72.1 (29.8) | 76.4 (28.4) | 74.4 (28.3) | 74.3 (31.1) | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate, g/day | 237.8 (80.1) | 296.3 (75.9) | 327.4 (78.8) | 381.0 (102.5) | < 0.001 |
| Sodium, g/day | 4.5 (2.9) | 5.0 (2.9) | 5.2 (3.1) | 5.4 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
| Potassium, g/day | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.7 (0.4) | 2.1 (0.8) | < 0.001 |
| Sodium-to-potassium ratio | 3.7 (2.5) | 3.3 (2.0) | 3.1 (1.9) | 2.7 (1.6) | < 0.001 |
Variables are presented as mean (SD) or n (%)