Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of children and mothers and respective intra- and inter-group comparison
| Overall (N = 178) |
Without possible sleep bruxism (N = 101) |
Sometimes possible sleep bruxism (N = 41) |
Frequent possible sleep bruxism (N = 36) |
Between groups Test; P-values |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children | ||||||
| Sex [n (%)] | Girls | 99 (55.62) | 64 (63.37) | 19 (46.34) | 16 (44.44) |
χ2 P = 0.153 |
| Boys | 79 (44.38) | 37 (36.63) | 22 (53.66) | 20 (55.56) | ||
| χ2 | P = 0.134 | P = 0.007 | P = 0.639 | P=0.505 | ||
| Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 10.14 (1.97) | 10.24 (1.98) | 10.22 (2.04) | 9.78 (1.88) |
ANOVA one way P = 0.524 |
| Median (25%−75) | 10.21 (8.42−11.92) | 10.42 (8.42−11.83) | 9.83 (8.50−12.08) | 9.54 (8.33−11.43) | ||
| Range | 6.17−14.42 | 6.33−14.42 | 7.00−13.58 | 6.17−13.33 | ||
| Weight (kg) | Mean (SD) | 41.53 (14.30) | 41.44 (13.54) | 43.12 (16.13) | 39.97 (14.39) |
ANOVA one way P = 0.634 |
| Median (25−75%) | 38.95 (30.00−49.00) | 39.00 (30.00−50.00) | 39.00 (32.00−48.40) | 38.45 (30.00−46.25) | ||
| Range | 19.00−84.00 | 21.00−82.00 | 19.00−80.00 | 21.00−84.00 | ||
| Height (cm) | Mean (SD) | 1.43 (0.16) | 1.43 (0.17) | 1.43 (0.15) | 1.40 (0.16) |
ANOVA one way P = 0.656 |
| Median (25−75%) | 1.42 (1.30−154) | 1.43 (1.30−1.55) | 1.40 (1.30−1.54) | 1.40 (1.30−1.47) | ||
| Range | 1.05−1.82 | 1.05−1.82 | 1.17−1.80 | 1.15−1.75 | ||
| BMI | Mean (SD) | 20.11 (4.75) | 19.91 (4.22) | 20.71 (5.75) | 19.97 (5.00) |
Kruskal-Wallis P = 0.920 |
| Median (25−75%) | 19.45 (16.52−22.81) | 19.29 (16.85−22.23) | 19.51 (15.62−24.87) | 19.66 (17.19−21.38) | ||
| Range | 11.72−37.10 | 12.49−33.14 | 12.43−34.63 | 11.72−37.10 | ||
| Weight Status [n (%)] | Underweight | 12 (6.74) | 6 (5.94) | 2 (4.88) | 4 (11.11) |
Fisher’s exact test P = 0.780 |
| Normal weight | 78 (43.82) | 48 (47.52) | 16 (39.02) | 14 (38.89) | ||
| Overweight | 43 (24.16) | 23 (22.77) | 10 (24.39) | 10 (27.78) | ||
| Obesity | 45 (25.28) | 24 (23.76) | 13 (31.71) | 8 (22.22) | ||
| χ2 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.014 | P = 0.014 | ||
| Mothers | ||||||
| Marital Status [n (%)] | Single | 42 (23.60) | 23 (22.77) | 9 (21.95) | 10 (27.78) |
Fisher’s exact test P = 0.594 |
| Married | 87 (48.88) | 55 (54.46) | 16 (39.02) | 16 (44.44) | ||
| Divorced | 21 (11.80) | 10 (9.90) | 7 (17.07) | 4 (11.11) | ||
| Widow | 5 (2.81) | 3 (2.97) | 1 (2.44) | 1 (2.78) | ||
| Others | 23 (12.92) | 10 (9.90) | 8 (19.51) | 5 (13.89) | ||
| χ2 | P <0.0001 | P <0.001 | P=0.007 | P <0.001 | ||
| Educational Status [n (%)] | 1° Degree | 38 (21.30) | 23 (22.77) | 9 (22.00) | 6 (16.67) |
χ2 P = 0.937 |
| 2° Degree | 102 (57.30) | 57 (56.44) | 24 (58.54) | 21 (58.33) | ||
| Graduated | 38 (21.30) | 21 (20.79) | 8 (19.51) | 9 (25.00) | ||
| P <0.001 | P <0.001 | P = 0.003 | P = 0.005 | |||
| Family Income1 [n (%)] | < 1 | 21 (11.80) | 14 (13.86) | 3 (7.32) | 4 (11.11) | Fisher’s exact test P = 0.461 |
| Between 1 to 2 | 68 (38.20) | 41 (40.59) | 17 (41.46) | 10 (27.78) | ||
| Between 3 to 4 | 51 (28.65) | 27 (26.73) | 14 (34.15) | 10 (27.78) | ||
| > 4 | 38 (21.35) | 19 (18.81) | 7 (17.07) | 12 (33.33) | ||
| P <0.001 | P <0.001 | P = 0.003 | P = 0.261 | |||
SD standard deviation
1Wage per month–one wage = R$ 1100.00, approximately US$ 220.00 (during 2021, 1 US$ was approximately R$ 5.00)
χ2 chi square corresponding P values in each column mean intra-group comparisons for proportions (χ2 adherence)