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. 2023 Feb 16;38(5):1127–1136. doi: 10.1007/s11606-022-07997-1

Table 2.

Incidence of New Conditions and Symptoms Among COVID-19-Positive and COVID-19-Negative Patients, by COVID-19 and Hospitalization Status

COVID-19 positive (%) COVID-19 negative (%)
All (N = 62,339) Hospitalized (N = 13,106) Non-hospitalized (N = 49,233) All (N = 247,881) Hospitalized (N = 71,222) Non-hospitalized (N = 176,659)
Nervous
  Encephalopathy 1.7 3.3 1.2 1.1 2.2 0.6
  Dementia 0.9 3.1 0.4 0.8 2.1 0.4
  Cognitive problems 3.8 6.9 3.1 2.7 4.7 2.0
  Sleep disorders 3.7 4.8 3.4 2.7 2.9 2.7
  Headache 3.5 3.2 3.6 2.4 2.3 2.4
  Any nervous condition 10.3 14.8 9.2 7.6 10.2 6.6
Skin
  Hair loss 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.6
  Pressure ulcer of skin 0.6 2.4 0.2 0.5 1.3 0.1
  Any skin conditions 1.8 3.5 1.4 1.0 1.7 0.8
Respiratory
  Lower respiratory disease 2.7 5.3 2 1.1 1.5 0.9
  Dyspnea 11.8 16.8 10.5 6.4 7.4 6.0
  Upper respiratory infections 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.0
  Any respiratory condition 13.4 18.9 11.9 7.3 8.1 6.9
Circulatory
  Pulmonary embolism 0.8 2.3 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.3
  Thromboembolism 1.3 3.2 0.8 1.0 2.0 0.6
  Chest pain 5.8 6.5 5.6 3.7 3.9 3.6
  Abnormal heartbeat 5.3 7.6 4.7 3.3 4.6 2.9
  Any circulatory condition 10.6 15.4 9.5 7.1 9.4 6.3
Blood
  Anemia 4.2 9.4 3.0 3.7 7.2 2.4
Endocrine
  Malnutrition 1.6 4.8 0.7 1.4 3.3 0.7
  Diabetes mellitus 3.1 6.8 2.3 2.7 4.3 2.1
  Fluid and electrolyte disorders 0.5 1.6 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.2
  Edema 6.6 10.5 5.6 5.5 7.6 4.7
  Any endocrine condition 9.4 17.6 7.8 8.1 11.8 6.7
Digestive
  Other constipation 3.7 6.3 3.0 3.6 4.9 3.1
  Abdominal pain 8.4 10.1 8.0 7.3 8.3 6.9
  Any digestive condition 10.2 13.8 9.3 9.0 10.9 8.2
General signed and symptoms
  Malaise and fatigue 4.9 7.8 4.2 3.3 4.6 2.8
  Fever 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1
  Joint pain 10.0 10.8 9.8 8.1 8.2 8.0
  Any general signed and symptoms 13.4 16.0 12.7 10.6 11.7 10.1

Notes: When calculating the incidence of each new condition and symptom, the denominator is the number of COVID-19-positive patients without any diagnosis of the condition or symptom at baseline and the numerator is the number of COVID-19 patients without the diagnosis at baseline but with at least one diagnosis of the condition or symptom in the follow-up period. p values indicate the statistical significance of differences in PASC incidence comparing COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients, using χ2 tests.