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The results of the Toda-Yamamoto causality test
| Dependent variable | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Causality variable | LCO2 | LGDP | LEU | LAVA |
| LCO2 | – | 0.3244 | 1.7866 | 0.5128 |
| LGDP | 18.3541*** | – | 13.4699*** | 1.7378 |
| LEU | 20.5364*** | 1.7925 | – | 1.2585 |
| LAVA | 13.4151*** | 17.5678** | 8.7008** | – |
***, **, and * denote significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively
