| Formants |
Vocal tract articulator movements |
Defines consonant and vowel perception |
| MFCCs |
Vocal tract articulator movements |
Derived from spectrum of speech |
| Fundamental Frequency (F0) |
Vocal fold vibrations |
“Pitch” of speech |
| Harmonic-to-Noise Ratio (HNR) |
Noise at the glottis |
Hoarseness |
| Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP) |
Stability of vocal fold vibration |
Jittery pitch |
| Creak |
Compression of vocal folds – become slack and compact |
Voice sounds like a creaky door, also seen as vocal fry |
| Speech Envelope |
Contributions of the respiratory system and resonance-harmonics interaction to amplitude modulation of speech |
Can be reflected in intensity or loudness of speech |
