Table 4.
Summary of all Cases
| Characteristic | Patients With Available Data | Median [IQR] | (No.) % | Citations | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | Age, y | n = 48 | 59 [44–70] | … | [5–12, 14, 16, 17, 19–23, 25, 34–37] |
| … | Sex: male | n = 65 | … | (47/65) 72.3 | [5–12, 14–23, 25, 33, 35–38] |
| COVID-19 | Status: PCR-positive | n = 75 | … | (74/75) 98.7 | [4–12, 14-25, 33–38] |
| … | Treatment: corticosteroids | n = 39 | … | (32/39) 82.1 | [5, 7–12, 15–20, 23, 25, 36, 38] |
| Risk factorsa | HIV | n = 51 | … | (9/51) 17.6 | [4–12, 14-25, 33–38] |
| … | Long-term corticosteroid use before COVID-19 | n = 51 | … | (23/51) 45.1 | [4–12, 14–25, 33–38] |
| … | Prednisone-equivalent steroid administration,b mg | n = 13 | 630 [400–946] | … | [10, 19, 36] |
| … | Antineoplastic chemotherapy | n = 51 | … | (7/51) 13.7 | [4–12, 14–25, 33–38] |
| … | Transplant-related immunosuppression | n = 51 | … | (3/51) 5.9 | [4–12, 14–25, 33–38] |
| … | CKD, ESRD, or RRT | n = 51 | … | (10/52) 19.2 | [4–12, 14–25, 33–38] |
| … | Patients with verified PCP risk factors before COVID-19c | n = 67 | … | (38/67) 56.7 | [4–12, 14–23, 25, 33, 35–38] |
| Pneumocystis | Status: proven | n = 75 | … | (8/75) 10.7 | [4–12, 14–25, 33–38] |
| … | Status: probable | n = 75 | … | (67/75) 89.3 | [4–12, 14–25, 33–38] |
| … | PCP among severe COVID-19 | n = 501 | … | (12/279) 4.3 | [25, 34, 35] |
| … | PCP among all COVID-19 | n = 2324d | … | (6/2324) 0.26 | … |
| … | Days from COVID-19 diagnosis | n = 29 | 25 [4.5–42.5] | … | [5–8, 10–12, 14–17, 19–22, 35, 36] |
| Labs | Elevated β−D-Glucan [<80], pg/mL | n = 39 | … | (26/39) 66.7 | [6, 8, 11, 14, 16, 18, 19, 25, 33, 35, 36] |
| … | LDH [91–180], unit/L | n = 31 | 508 [346–641] | … | [6–8, 10, 11, 16, 17, 19, 21, 25, 35, 36] |
| … | ALC [1.0–4.8], ×103 cells/mm3 | n = 23 | 0.60 [0.26–0.86] | … | [5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 21, 35, 36] |
| … | CD4 count, cells/mm3 | n = 20 | 64 [33–267] | … | [6–11, 15–18, 22, 36] |
| … | Lowest PaO2, mmHg | n = 16 | 64 [55–66.5] | … | [5–8, 19, 36] |
| Outcomes | ICU admission | n = 58 | … | (46/58) 79.3 | [4–6, 8–12, 15–17, 19, 23, 25, 33, 35–37] |
| … | ICU days admitted | n = 58 | 8.5 [3.5–16.0] | … | [4–6, 8–12, 15–17, 19, 23, 25, 33, 35–37] |
| … | Mechanical ventilation | n = 31 | … | (19/30) 63.3 | [4–6, 8–12, 15–17, 19, 23, 25, 35–37] |
| … | Mortality | n = 68 | … | (21/68) 30.9 | [4–12, 14–23, 25, 33, 35–38] |
Abbreviations: ALC, absolute lymphocyte count; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease of 2019; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactose dehydrogenase; PaO2, partial pressure of arterial blood oxygen; PCP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RRT, renal replacement therapy.
Risk factors were identified as those happening both during treatment for COVID-19 and before diagnosis.
Prednisone equivalent determined using MedCalc(c).
Risk factors for PCP before COVID-19 infection identified from described past medical histories and defined as immunosuppression from long-term corticosteroids, antineoplastic chemotherapy, untreated HIV, immunosuppressive therapies accompanying transplants, and other immunosuppressed states in accordance with Donnelly et al. [31].
Based on the number of patients admitted to our institution between March 1, 2020, and June 1, 2022, for COVID-19.