Table 3.

Multivariable associations between estimated pulse-wave velocity (ePWV V1) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) with traditional vascular risk factors

	Unadjusted (n = 4478)				Adjusted (n = 4478)
	β	SE	Std. β	P	β	SE	Std. β	P
cfPWV		R 2	0.11			R 2	0.11
Body mass index (kg/m2)	−0.082	0.011	−0.134	< 0.001	−0.088	0.011	−0.130	< 0.001
Heart rate (bpm)	0.053	0.004	0.171	< 0.001	0.058	0.004	0.207	< 0.001
HDL (mmol/L)	−0.643	0.138	−0.045	< 0.001	−0.300	0.149	−0.036	0.044
LDL (mmol/L)	−0.117	0.052	−0.003	0.023	−0.002	0.053	0.000	0.974
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	0.314	0.078	0.041	< 0.001	0.337	0.078	0.070	< 0.001
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	0.222	0.032	0.096	< 0.001	0.178	0.032	0.086	< 0.001
Smoker status (current vs. noncurrent)	−0.362	0.184	−0.015	0.050	−0.392	0.185	−0.030	0.034
ePWV		R 2	0.02			R 2	0.06
Body mass index (kg/m2)	−0.025	0.005	−0.084	< 0.001	−0.024	0.005	−0.080	< 0.001
Heart rate (bpm)	0.004	0.002	0.035	0.019	0.005	0.002	0.042	0.005
HDL (mmol/L)	0.016	0.063	0.004	0.800	0.104	0.067	0.028	0.124
LDL (mmol/L)	−0.008	0.024	−0.005	0.745	0.045	0.024	0.030	0.056
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	0.090	0.035	0.042	0.012	0.070	0.035	0.033	0.047
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	−0.016	0.014	−0.018	0.258	−0.019	0.014	−0.021	0.189
Smoker status (current vs. noncurrent)	−0.529	0.084	−0.093	< 0.001	−0.535	0.084	−0.094	< 0.001

Adjustments: sex; prevalent cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure); medications (β-blockers, α-blockers, calcium channel, blockers, diuretics). Std. β: Standardized beta; SE: standard error; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.