Fig. 4.

Commonly used technologies to introduce fluid flow into cell culture. Different techniques lead to flow patterns which can have desirable properties for modelling different tissues in vitro. The designs shown here are simple methods for creating fluid movement in cell culture. Variations exist for each design which vary widely in complexity. Simple systems may use conventional cell culture plasticware on equipment such as a mechanical rocker to produce fluid flow whilst maximising ease of use. More complex designs combine several of these technologies to maximise physiological relevance.