Table 2.
Covariate-adjusted associations between mixtures and ABC Hyperactivity subscale and two subdomain scores among all children and children with ASD.
| Outcome | Mixture | All (n = 574) | ASD (n = 232) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean IRRa | 2.5 PCT | 97.5 PCT | Mean IRRb | 2.5 PCT | 97.5 PCT | ||
| Hyperactivity subscale | Phenols/parabens | 0.92 | 0.79 | 1.04 | 1.12 | 0.97 | 1.29 |
| Phthalate metabolites | 1.11 | 1.00 | 1.23 | 1.14 | 1.06 | 1.26 | |
| Pesticide metabolites | 1.03 | 0.95 | 1.11 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 1.03 | |
| Trace elements | 0.99 | 0.90 | 1.10 | 1.02 | 0.91 | 1.13 | |
| Total mixture | 1.04 | 0.87 | 1.18 | 1.15 | 1.03 | 1.29 | |
| Hyperactivity/impulsivity subdomain | Phenols/parabens | 0.91 | 0.77 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 0.94 | 1.25 |
| Phthalate metabolites | 1.13 | 1.02 | 1.27 | 1.20 | 1.09 | 1.32 | |
| Pesticide metabolites | 1.02 | 0.94 | 1.14 | 0.97 | 0.89 | 1.04 | |
| Trace elements | 1.01 | 0.89 | 1.15 | 1.05 | 0.93 | 1.22 | |
| Total mixture | 1.07 | 0.93 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.05 | 1.43 | |
| Inattention subdomain | Phenols/parabens | 0.93 | 0.81 | 1.05 | 1.13 | 1.00 | 1.28 |
| Phthalate metabolites | 1.05 | 0.98 | 1.12 | 1.08 | 1.01 | 1.17 | |
| Pesticide metabolites | 0.99 | 0.93 | 1.05 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 1.03 | |
| Trace elements | 0.98 | 0.88 | 1.08 | 0.99 | 0.90 | 1.09 | |
| Total mixture | 0.99 | 0.88 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.01 | 1.25 | |
a
WQS regression models were adjusted for child’s sex, birth year, and age at assessment, parity, parental education, maternal metabolic conditions, and diagnosis.
b
WQS regression models were adjusted for child’s sex, birth year, and age at assessment, parity, parental education, and maternal metabolic conditions.