Figure 6. 1,25(OH)₂D₃ inhibits white adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells but promotes beige adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells.

3T3-L1 cells were differentiated with 0 pM (EtOH), 100 pM, or 1000 pM 1,25(OH)₂D₃. (A) Representative images of cell culture after differentiation on day eight. Scale bars, 100 µm. (B) mRNA levels of Fabp4, Plin, and Adipoq on day six (n = 4). (C) Expression of adipogenesis-related transcription factors. 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated in the absence or presence of 1,25(OH)₂D₃. mRNA levels of Pparγ, Cebpa, and Cebpb were measured 48 h after the initiation of differentiation (n = 4). (D) 3T3-L1 cells differentiated for eight days under browning conditions supplemented with various concentration of 1,25(OH)₂D₃. mRNA expression of Ucp1 was measured by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (n = 4). Data are shown as mean ± standard error of the mean. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 versus 0 pM.