Figure 2.

Multi-omics assessment of responses to a single dose of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S at approximately 6 days after vaccination (V1)

(A and B) Multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) of whole-blood gene expression profiles (RNA-seq) at V0 and V1 after (A) BNT162b2 (n = 66) or (B) ChAdOx1-S (n = 15).

(C) Heamap of DEGs at V1 compared with V0 in participants vaccinated with ChAdOx1-S.

(D and E) Selected reactome pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) terms and (E) cell types, enriched among DEGs at V1 in participants vaccinated with ChAdOx1-S.

(F) Volcano plot of immune cell populations after one dose of ChAdOx1-S.

(G) The number of plasmablasts at V1 in participants vaccinated with ChAdOx1-S (n = 16) or BNT162b2 (n = 77).

(H) Correlation between ChAdY25 hexon-specific AIM⁺ cTfh cells and the number of plasmablasts at V1 in participants vaccinated with ChAdOx1-S.

(I and J) Normalized expression of selected proteins identified as differentially abundant in plasma at V1 compared with V0 in after ChAdOx1-S (n = 14) or BNT162b2 (n = 13).

(K and L) Correlation (Spearman) between coagulation factor IX protein expression in plasma at V1 and (K) CD38⁺ cTfh cells and (L) plasmablasts at V1 in participants vaccinated with ChAdOx1-S. Data in (G), (I), and (J) are represented as boxplots (see Figure 1). Statistical significance was assessed in (D) and (E) using a hypergeometric test, in (F–H) using a generalized linear model, and in (I, J) with limma. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ns = not significant, FDR = false discovery rate.