Table 4.
Gene expression markers linked to T1D progression.
| Authors | Year | Type of participants | Sample type | miRNA and mRNA genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Santos et al., ( 37 ) | 2022 | IAb+ vs. ROT1D vs. health control | Serum | 17 miRNAs were deregulated in IAb+ and 5 in ROT1D compared to healthy controls |
| Garavelli et al., ( 16 ) | 2020 | ROT1D vs. healthy controls | Plasma | 27 of 60 miRNAs were modulated including 18 of 27 from the miR-23~27~24 clusters |
| Simmons et al., ( 31 ) | 2019 | ROT1D vs. IAb+ | Serum DNA |
↑unmethylated:methylated INS ratio |
| Mehdi et al., ( 10 ) | 2018 | Progressors to IAb+ vs. IAb- | Whole blood (DIPP), PBMC (BABYDIET) | Predictors of seroconversion ADCY9, PTCH1, MEX3B, ZNF714, TENM1, PLEKHA5 with HLA risk score |
| Snowhite et al., ( 32 ) | 2017 | IAb+ Progressors to T1D vs. non-progressors | Serum | ↑miR-21-3p, ↑miR-29a-3p, ↑miR-424-5p |
| Hamari et al., ( 18 ) | 2016 | IAb+ vs. ROT1D | Whole blood | ↓T-bet, ↓GATA3, ↓ RORC, ↓FOXP3 |
| Marchand et al., ( 24 ) | 2016 | ROT1D vs IAb- | Serum | ↓miR-375 |
| Jin et al., ( 22 ) | 2014 | IAb+ Progressors to T1D vs. non-progressors | Whole blood | ↑BACH2, ↑IGLL3, ↑ EIF3A, ↑CDC20, ↑ TXNDC5 |
| Ferreira et al., ( 15 ) | 2014 | IAb+ (before and after seroconversion) vs. IAb- | PBMC | ↑type-1 IFN gene signature (includes 56 IFN-inducible genes) |
| Nielsen et al., ( 25 ) | 2012 | ROT1D vs. IAb+ | Serum | ↑miR-181a, ↑miR-24, ↑miR-25, ↑miR-210, ↑miR-26a, ↑miR-152, ↑miR-30a-5p, ↑miR-148a, ↑miR-200a, ↑miR-29a, ↑miR-27b, ↑miR-27a |
| Han et al., ( 19 ) | 2011 | ROT1D and IAb+ vs. healthy controls | Whole blood | ↑IFN-γ, ↑IL-4, ↑IL-10 in ROT1D vs IAb+ ↓granzyme B, ↓TNFα, ↓IFN-γ in IAb+ vs healthy controls |
ADCY9, Adenylate cyclase type 9; GATA3, GATA binding protein 3; IAb, islet autoantibody; MEX38, Mex-3 RNA Binding Family Member B; miRNA, MicroRNA; PLEKHA5, Pleckstrin Homology Domain Containing A5; PTCH1, Protein patched homolog 1; ROT1D, recent-onset type 1 diabetes; TENM1, Teneurin Transmembrane Protein 1; TENM1, Teneurin Transmembrane Protein 1; ZNF714, Zinc finger 714.