Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and weighted prevalence of ideal CVH metrics by sex in adults from the NHES IV in 2009 and in the NHES V in 2014.
| NHES IV | NHES V | P-value* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Male | Female | Total | Number | Male | Female | Total | ||
| Mean age (years) | 15,219 | 44.7 (43.6, 45.9) | 46.1 (45.3, 46.8) | 45.4 (44.5, 46.4) | 14,499 | 46.1 (44.9, 47.2) | 47.5 (46.7, 48.3) | 46.8 (45.9, 47.8) | 0.09 |
| Age group (years) | |||||||||
| 20–39 | 3377 | 36.2 (32.4, 40.1) | 33.1 (30.7, 35.6) | 34.6 (31.6, 37.6) | 2668 | 34.5 (30.8, 38.3) | 31.3 (29.1, 33.6) | 32.8 (30.0, 35.7) | 0.01 |
| 40–59 | 5181 | 51.1 (48.5, 53.6) | 51.8 (49.1, 54.7) | 51.4 (49.1, 53.7) | 6277 | 48.1 (45.0, 51.2) | 48.3 (46.0, 50.6) | 48.2 (45.9, 50.6) | |
| ≥ 60 | 6661 | 12.8 (11.0, 14.8) | 15.1 (13.6, 16.7) | 14.0 (12.4, 15.8) | 5554 | 17.4 (15.6, 19.3) | 20.4 (18.4, 22.7) | 19.0 (17.2, 21.0) | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 8142 | – | – | 51.9 (50.2, 53.7) | 8575 | – | – | 53.1 (52.0, 54.3) | 0.21 |
| Area of residence | |||||||||
| Urban | 8142 | 29.2 (17.7, 44.2) | 31.6 (19.3, 47.2) | 30.5 (18.5, 45.8) | 7713 | 43.8 (28.8, 60.1) | 45.8 (30.0, 62.6) | 44.9 (29.4, 61.4) | < 0.05 |
| Education | |||||||||
| No formal | 909 | 1.8 (1.2, 2.6) | 5.1 (4.1, 6.3) | 3.5 (2.8, 4.4) | 667 | 1.9 (1.2, 3.0) | 4.1 (3.1, 5.3) | 3.1 (2.3, 4.1) | < 0.05 |
| Primary | 9623 | 59.4 (54.8, 63.8) | 65.5 (61.3, 69.4) | 62.5 (58.4, 66.5) | 8742 | 51.7 (44.2, 59.2) | 57.1 (52.0, 62.0) | 54.6 (48.4, 60.6) | |
| Secondary | 3669 | 32.6 (29.8, 35.7) | 22.7 (19.7, 26.0) | 27.5 (24.8, 30.3) | 3678 | 35.0 (31.4, 38.9) | 28.6 (26.1, 31.2) | 31.6 (28.8, 34.5) | |
| University | 1018 | 6.2 (4.8, 8.1) | 6.7 (5.4, 8.3) | 6.5 (5.2, 8.1) | 1412 | 11.3 (6.9, 18.0) | 10.3 (7.1, 14.7) | 10.8 (7.0, 16.2) | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||||
| Abstain and low | 14,019 | 84.3 (81.5, 86.6) | 97.0 (96.1, 97.7) | 90.9 (89.6, 92.0) | 13,914 | 90.7 (88.7, 92.4) | 98.2 (97.5, 98.7) | 94.7 (93.5, 95.7) | < 0.05 |
| Medium to high | 1192 | 15.7 (13.40 | 3.0 (2.3, 3.9) | 9.1 (8.0, 10.4) | 585 | 9.3 (7.6, 11.3) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.5) | 5.3 (4.3, 6.5) | |
| CVH metrics | |||||||||
| Smoking | |||||||||
| Never | 9898 | 31.8 (28.6, 35.3) | 95.2 (93.7, 96.4) | 64.8 (62.3, 67.1) | 9965 | 35.6 (31.4, 40.1) | 92.8 (90.8, 94.4) | 66.0 (63.4, 68.5) | < 0.001 |
| Former | 2173 | 20.8 (17.9, 23.9) | 1.9 (1.3, 2.7) | 11.0 (9.4, 12.7) | 2174 | 25.3 (23.6, 27.2) | 4.7 (3.5, 6.1) | 14.3 (13.4, 15.3) | |
| Current | 3148 | 47.4 (43.7, 51.2) | 2.8 (2.0, 3.9) | 24.3 (22.3, 26.4) | 2360 | 39.1 (34.6, 43.8) | 2.5 (1.8, 3.5) | 19.7 (17.3, 22.2) | |
| Waist-to-height ratio | |||||||||
| Ideal (< 0.5) | 6450 | 56.0 (51.0, 60.9) | 38.9 (34.7, 43.2) | 47.1 (43.0, 51.3) | 4870 | 48.7 (44.5, 52.9) | 31.9 (29.8, 34.0) | 39.7 (37.0, 42.6) | < 0.001 |
| Intermediate (0.5 to < 0.6) | 6948 | 37.8 (34.1, 41.6) | 47.3 (44.7, 50.0) | 42.8 (40.1, 45.4) | 7058 | 42.7 (39.0, 46.5) | 47.6 (45.9, 49.3) | 45.3 (43.2, 47.4) | |
| Poor (≥ 0.6) | 1821 | 6.2 (4.7, 8.1) | 13.8 (11.7, 16.2) | 10.1 (8.4, 12.2) | 2559 | 8.6 (7.7, 9.6) | 20.6 (19.2, 22.1) | 15.2 (14.0, 16.1) | |
| Vegetables and fruits | |||||||||
| Ideal | 4250 | 27.6 (25.5, 29.9) | 30.5 (28.0, 33.2) | 29.1 (27.1, 31.3) | 3422 | 23.3 (18.5, 29.0) | 26.1 (23.1, 29.3) | 24.8 (21.0, 29.0) | 0.08 |
| Intermediate | 3962 | 26.0 (24.6, 27.5) | 26.0 (24.4, 27.7) | 26.0 (24.8, 27.3) | 4259 | 28.5 (26.6, 30.6) | 30.4 (27.7, 33.3) | 29.5 (27.3, 31.9) | |
| Poor | 7007 | 46.4 (43.8, 49.0) | 43.4 (40.4, 46.5) | 44.9 (42.4, 47.4) | 6818 | 48.2 (42.7, 53.6) | 43.5 (39.3, 47.8) | 45.7 (41.0, 50.4) | |
| Physical activity | |||||||||
| Ideal | 1694 | 15.8 (14.1, 17.6) | 8.4 (7.5, 9.5) | 12.0 (10.8, 13.2) | 841 | 10.0 (8.7, 11.4) | 4.6 (3.4, 6.2) | 7.1 (6.1, 8.4) | < 0.001 |
| Intermediate | 1641 | 9.5 (8.6, 10.4) | 9.9 (8.9, 11.1) | 9.7 (9.2, 10.3) | 1915 | 10.9 (9.7, 12.2) | 11.2 (9.8, 12.7) | 11.1 (10.1, 12.1) | |
| Poor | 11,884 | 74.8 (72.6, 76.8) | 81.6 (79.8, 83.3) | 78.3 (76.8, 79.8) | 11,743 | 79.1 (77.4, 80.7) | 84.2 (81.7, 86.4) | 81.8 (80.0, 83.5) | |
| BP (mmHg) | |||||||||
| (SBP/DBP < 120/80, untreated) | 5144 | 37.6 (32.7, 42.8) | 47.9 (45.9, 49.9) | 42.9 (40.0, 46.0) | 4729 | 33.2 (30.5, 35.9) | 46.0 (41.8, 50.2) | 40.0 (36.8, 43.2) | 0.10 |
| Intermediate (SBP of 120–129, DBP < 80, or treated to goal) | 5204 | 40.8 (38.2, 43.4) | 31.2 (29.6, 32.9) | 35.8 (34.0, 37.7) | 4929 | 40.6 (38.9, 42.3) | 29.7 (28.0, 31.4) | 34.8 (33.4, 36.2) | |
| SBP ≥ 130 or DBP ≥ 80 | 4871 | 21.7 (18.2, 25.5) | 20.9 (19.1, 22.7) | 21.2 (18.9, 23.8) | 4841 | 26.2 (24.1, 28.6) | 24.4 (21.7, 27.3) | 25.3 (23.3, 27.3) | |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 15,219 | 14,499 | |||||||
| Ideal (≥ 60) | 1956 | 9.1 (7.4, 11.3) | 15.0 (11.8, 18.9) | 12.2 (9.7, 15.2) | 3010 | 15.5 (12.7, 18.7) | 23.4 (21.0, 25.8) | 19.6 (17.3, 22.2) | < 0.01 |
| Intermediate (40/50 for male/female to < 60) | 5926 | 54.9 (52.5, 57.1) | 25.1 (23.6, 26.7) | 39.4.2 (38.3, 40.6) | 5298 | 51.4 (49.1, 53.7) | 26.4 (25.0, 27.8) | 38.1 (36.8, 39.4) | |
| Poor (< 40 for male and < 50 for female) | 7337 | 36.0 (32.5, 39.7) | 59.9 (55.3, 64.3) | 48.4 (45.0, 51.8) | 6191 | 33.1 (29.3, 37.2) | 50.3 (47.1, 53.5) | 42.3 (39.1, 45.5) | |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 15,219 | 14,499 | |||||||
| Ideal (< 100) | 11,541 | 81.4 (77.0, 85.1) | 81.8 (78.9, 84.5) | 81.6 (78.2, 84.6) | 10,113 | 73.0 (69.4, 76.3) | 74.1 (70.9, 77.0) | 73.6 (70.5, 76.4) | < 0.001 |
| Intermediate (100–125) | 2006 | 12.3 (9.4, 16.0) | 9.8 (7.3, 13.1) | 11.0 (8.4, 14.4) | 2568 | 18.3 (15.6, 21.4) | 15.5 (13.2, 18.2) | 16.8 (14.6, 19.3) | |
| Poor (≥ 126) | 1672 | 6.3 (5.2, 7.6) | 8.3 (7.2, 9.6) | 7.4 (6.6, 8.2) | 1818 | 8.7 (7.3, 10.3) | 10.4 (9.3, 11.6) | 9.6 (8.5, 10.8) | |
Data presented as mean (95%CI) and prevalence (%, 95%CI).
*P-value for Chi-squared test compare total prevalence between NHES IV and NHES V.