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. 2023 Feb 16;14:872. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36522-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Heatmap of genes involved in DAMP sensing pathways that are differentially expressed between the kidneys of mice treated with saline and pristane. b Immunofluorescence staining for GSDMD and MPO in glomeruli and tubulointerstitial of renal biopsy from lupus nephritis (LN) patients. Scale bar, 20 μm, 3 μm (enlarged). c, d Quantitative analysis of numbers of neutrophils per field of view (FOV) or co-localization area of GSDMD and MPO in FOV. Tumor-adjacent normal tissue samples of 3 renal carcinoma patients or renal biopsies from 3 LN patients. The results are pooled from two independent experiments. e Immunofluorescence staining for GSDMD and Ly6G in kidney from PIL and MRL/lpr mice. Scale bar, 10 μm. 2 μm (enlarged). f–i Numbers of neutrophils or co-localization area of GSDMD and Ly6G per FOV. n = 6 mice. j Immunoblotting of GSDMD and GSDMD-N in bone marrow (BM) neutrophils from wide-type (WT), PIL, pristane-treated Gsdmd^−/−, MRL/mpj and MRL/lpr mice. k Quantitative analysis of GSDMD-N/GAPDH. n = 6 mice. The samples shown are from the same experiment. Three blots (PIL group) and two blots (MRL/lpr group) were processed in parallel. l Flow cytometry plots for GSDMD in peripheral blood neutrophils from HV and SLE patients. m Fluorescence intensity of GSDMD from the isotype, HV and SLE groups. n mRNA levels of GSDMD in HV and SLE patients. n = 6 HVs or SLE patients. o Immunoblotting for GSDMD and GSDMD-N protein in peripheral blood neutrophils from HV and SLE patients. p Quantitative analysis of GSDMD-N/GAPDH. n = 10 HVs and n = 34 SLE patients. The samples shown are from the same experiment. Three blots were processed in parallel. Correlation of relative expression of GSDMD-N (the ratio of GSDMD-N to GAPDH from immunoblotting analysis) on neutrophils from SLE patients with SLEDAI (q), MPO-DNA complexes (r) elastase-DNA complexes (s) and mtDNA levels (t) in serum. Data are representative of two (b) or three (a, e, l, m, n) independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Significance was examined by unpaired two-sided Student’s t test (f–i, k, n, p) or one-way ANOVA (c, d). Spearman’s nonparametric test for (q–t).