Table 2.
Subgroup | Number of measures | Std diff in means (95% CI) | p value | Q statistics | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||||
Male | 12 | − 0.601 | (− 1.055 to − 0.147) | 0.009* | |
Female | 19 | − 0.778 | (− 1.047 to − 0.509) | < 0.001* | |
Mixed | 21 | − 0.763 | (− 1.081 to − 0.444) | < 0.001* | |
Overall | 52 | − 0.742 | (− 0.930 to − 0.555) | < 0.001* | (Q = 0.455; df (Q) = 2; p = 0.796) |
Trained state | |||||
Trained and active | 18 | − 0.434 | (− 0.655 to − 0.214) | < 0.001* | |
Untrained and sedentary | 22 | − 1.027 | (− 1.374 to − 0.680) | < 0.001* | |
Overall | 40 | − 0.604 | (− 0.790 to − 0.418) | < 0.001* | (Q = 7.974; df (Q) = 1; p = 0.005)# |
Type of contraction | |||||
Eccentric | 9 | − 0.889 | (− 1.376 to − 0.402) | < 0.001* | |
Concentric | 42 | − 0.715 | (− 0.924 to − 0.507) | < 0.001* | |
Overall | 51 | − 0.742 | (− 0.934 to − 0.551) | < 0.001* | (Q = 0.411; df (Q) = 1; p = 0.521) |
Type of exercise | |||||
Body weight | 4 | − 0.232 | (− 0.517 to 0.053) | 0.111 | |
Free weight | 3 | − 1.312 | (− 2.494 to − 0.130) | 0.03* | |
Machine | 12 | − 0.957 | (− 1.343 to − 0.572) | < 0.001* | |
Mixed | 12 | − 0.523 | (− 0.926 to − 0.119) | 0.011* | |
Pilates | 16 | − 0.695 | (− 1.034 to − 0.356) | < 0.001* | |
Resistance bands | 4 | − 1.125 | (− 1.793 to -0.457) | 0.001* | |
Overall | 51 | − 0.598 | (− 0.762 to − 0.433) | < 0.001* | (Q = 13.4917; df (Q) = 5; p = 0.016)# |
Joint tested | |||||
Elbow | 5 | − 0.530 | (− 0.921 to − 0.138) | 0.008* | |
Hip | 13 | − 0.685 | (− 0.899 to − 0.471) | < 0.001* | |
Knee | 13 | − 1.021 | (− 1.475 to − 0.567) | < 0.001* | |
Shoulder | 15 | − 0.706 | (− 1.071 to − 0.341) | < 0.001* | |
Trunk | 5 | − 1.923 | (− 3.222 to − 0.624) | 0.004* | |
Trunk and hip | 34 | − 0.669 | (− 0.901 to − 0.437) | < 0.001* | |
Overall | 85 | − 0.705 | (− 0.835 to − 0.576) | < 0.001* | (Q = 6.136; df (Q) = 5; p = 0.293) |
CI confidence interval, Std diff standardized difference, * significant difference within a group, # significant difference between groups