Fig. 2.

Influence of resistance training (RT) performed to set failure versus non-failure on muscle hypertrophy with subgroup analyses based on study ‘theme’ (A or B). Studies presented were grouped into broad themes that involved RT performed to either momentary muscular failure versus non-failure (Theme A), or set failure (defined as anything other than momentary muscular failure) versus non-failure (Theme B). Point estimates and error bars signify the standardised mean difference between set failure and non-failure conditions and 95% confidence interval (CI) values, respectively. AD anterior deltoid, EF elbow flexors, PM pectoralis major, Quads quadriceps, RF rectus femoris, SD standard deviation, SMD standardized mean difference, TB triceps brachii, VL vastus lateralis, VM vastus medialis