Fig. 5.

Conceptual non-linear relationship between proximity-to-failure and muscle hypertrophy. Our results suggest that closer proximities-to-failure are associated with muscle hypertrophy in a non-linear manner. Although the order of resistance training conditions displayed allows for visual inspection of a potential non-linear relationship between proximity-to-failure and muscle hypertrophy, the true proximities-to-failure achieved in each of these resistance training conditions are unclear and likely vary. The far-right dot point represents the ‘momentary muscular failure’ condition. It is also likely that participants in the ‘set failure’ and ‘high velocity loss’ conditions reached momentary muscular failure at times. Data shown are effect size estimates for pre-intervention to post-intervention increases in muscle size for each resistance training condition